Nunes Débora, Andrade Stéphanie, Ramalho Maria João, Loureiro Joana A, Pereira Maria Carmo
LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Mar 2;14(5):1010. doi: 10.3390/polym14051010.
Clinically available medications face several hurdles that limit their therapeutic activity, including restricted access to the target tissues due to biological barriers, low bioavailability, and poor pharmacokinetic properties. Drug delivery systems (DDS), such as nanoparticles (NPs) and hydrogels, have been widely employed to address these issues. Furthermore, the DDS improves drugs' therapeutic efficacy while reducing undesired side effects caused by the unspecific distribution over the different tissues. The integration of NPs into hydrogels has emerged to improve their performance when compared with each DDS individually. The combination of both DDS enhances the ability to deliver drugs in a localized and targeted manner, paired with a controlled and sustained drug release, resulting in increased drug therapeutic effectiveness. With the incorporation of the NPs into hydrogels, it is possible to apply the DDS locally and then provide a sustained release of the NPs in the site of action, allowing the drug uptake in the required location. Additionally, most of the materials used to produce the hydrogels and NPs present low toxicity. This article provides a systematic review of the polymeric NPs-loaded hydrogels developed for various biomedical applications, focusing on studies that present in vivo data.
临床可用药物面临着若干限制其治疗活性的障碍，包括由于生物屏障导致难以进入靶组织、生物利用度低以及药代动力学性质不佳。药物递送系统（DDS），如纳米颗粒（NPs）和水凝胶，已被广泛用于解决这些问题。此外，DDS提高了药物的治疗效果，同时减少了因药物在不同组织中非特异性分布而引起的不良副作用。与单独使用每种DDS相比，将NPs整合到水凝胶中已出现以改善其性能。两种DDS的组合增强了以局部和靶向方式递送药物的能力，同时具有可控和持续的药物释放，从而提高了药物治疗效果。通过将NPs掺入水凝胶中，可以在局部应用DDS，然后在作用部位提供NPs的持续释放，使药物在所需位置被摄取。此外，用于生产水凝胶和NPs的大多数材料毒性较低。本文对为各种生物医学应用开发的负载聚合物NPs的水凝胶进行了系统综述，重点关注提供体内数据的研究。
