Archer Edward, Lavie Carl J, Dobersek Urska, Hill James O
EvolvingFX LLC, Fort Wayne, IN 46835, USA.
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart & Vascular Institute Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
Metabolites. 2023 Apr 11;13(4):545. doi: 10.3390/metabo13040545.
During the prenatal period, maternal and fetal cells compete for calories and nutrients. To ensure the survival of the mother and development of the fetus, the prenatal hormonal milieu alters the competitive environment via metabolic perturbations (e.g., insulin resistance). These perturbations increase maternal caloric consumption and engender increments in both maternal fat mass and the number of calories captured by the fetus. However, a mother's metabolic and behavioral phenotypes (e.g., physical activity levels) and her external environment (e.g., food availability) can asymmetrically impact the competitive milieu, leading to irreversible changes in pre- and post-natal development-as exhibited by stunting and obesity. Therefore, the interaction of maternal metabolism, behavior, and environment impact the competition for calories-which in turn creates a continuum of health trajectories in offspring. In sum, the inheritance of metabolic phenotypes offers a comprehensive and consilient explanation for much of the increase in obesity and T2DM over the past 50 years in human and non-human mammals.
在孕期，母体和胎儿细胞会争夺热量和营养物质。为确保母亲的生存和胎儿的发育，孕期激素环境会通过代谢紊乱（如胰岛素抵抗）改变竞争环境。这些紊乱会增加母体的热量消耗，导致母体脂肪量增加以及胎儿获取的热量增多。然而，母亲的代谢和行为表型（如身体活动水平）及其外部环境（如食物供应情况）会对竞争环境产生不对称影响，从而导致产前和产后发育出现不可逆转的变化——如发育迟缓与肥胖所表现的那样。因此，母体代谢、行为和环境之间的相互作用会影响热量竞争，进而在后代中形成一系列连续的健康轨迹。总之，代谢表型的遗传为过去50年人类和非人类哺乳动物中肥胖症和2型糖尿病大量增加的现象提供了一个全面且一致的解释。
