Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
Molecules. 2023 Apr 13;28(8):3436. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083436.
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common malignancy worldwide, with an estimated 573,000 new cases and 213,000 deaths in 2020. Available therapeutic approaches are still unable to reduce the incidence of BC metastasis and the high mortality rates of BC patients. Therefore, there is a need to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BC progression to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One such mechanism is protein glycosylation. Numerous studies reported changes in glycan biosynthesis during neoplastic transformation, resulting in the appearance of the so-called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) on the cell surface. TACAs affect a wide range of key biological processes, including tumor cell survival and proliferation, invasion and metastasis, induction of chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and insensitivity to apoptosis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current information on how altered glycosylation of bladder cancer cells promotes disease progression and to present the potential use of glycans for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
膀胱癌（BC）是全球第 10 大常见恶性肿瘤，2020 年估计有 57.3 万例新发病例和 21.3 万例死亡。现有的治疗方法仍无法降低 BC 转移的发生率和 BC 患者的高死亡率。因此，有必要加深我们对膀胱癌进展背后的分子机制的理解，以开发新的诊断和治疗工具。其中一种机制是蛋白质糖基化。大量研究报告称，在肿瘤转化过程中聚糖生物合成发生变化，导致细胞表面出现所谓的肿瘤相关碳水化合物抗原（TACA）。TACA 影响广泛的关键生物学过程，包括肿瘤细胞的存活和增殖、侵袭和转移、慢性炎症的诱导、血管生成、免疫逃逸和对细胞凋亡的不敏感。本综述的目的是总结目前关于膀胱癌细胞糖基化改变如何促进疾病进展的信息，并介绍糖基用于诊断和治疗目的的潜力。
