Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan.
Faculty of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, 2-12 Wakaba, Mihama, Chiba 251-8586, Chiba, Japan.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Apr 10;23(8):3858. doi: 10.3390/s23083858.
Due to COVID-19, various lecture styles are being explored. On-demand lectures are attracting increasing attention due to advantages such as being able to watch without restrictions due to location and time. In contrast, on-demand lectures have disadvantages, such as no interaction with the lecturer, so the quality of on-demand lectures should be improved. Our previous study showed that when participants nod without showing their faces in a real-time remote lecture, their heart rate state changes to arousal and nodding can increase arousal. In this paper, we hypothesize that nodding during on-demand lectures increases participants' arousal levels, and we investigate the relationship between natural and forced nodding and the level of arousal based on heart rate information. Students taking on-demand lectures rarely nod naturally, so we used to encourage nodding by showing a video of another participant nodding, and by forcing the participants to nod when the other participant nodded in the video. The results showed that only participants who nodded spontaneously changed the value of pNN50, an index of the arousal level, which reflected a state of high arousal after one minute. Thus, participants' nodding in on-demand lectures can increase their arousal levels; however, the nodding must be spontaneous, not forced.
由于 COVID-19 的影响，各种讲座形式正在被探索。由于不受地点和时间限制的优势，点播讲座越来越受到关注。相比之下，点播讲座也有缺点，例如无法与讲师互动，因此点播讲座的质量应该得到提高。我们之前的研究表明，当参与者在实时远程讲座中不露出面部点头时，他们的心率状态会变为兴奋，点头可以增加兴奋感。在本文中，我们假设在点播讲座中点头会提高参与者的兴奋水平，并根据心率信息研究自然和强制点头与兴奋水平之间的关系。上点播讲座的学生很少会自然点头，所以我们使用 来鼓励点头，即播放另一个参与者点头的视频，并在视频中另一个参与者点头时强制参与者点头。结果表明，只有自发点头的参与者改变了 pNN50 值，这是一个兴奋水平的指标，这反映了一分钟后高度兴奋的状态。因此，参与者在点播讲座中的点头可以提高他们的兴奋水平；但是，点头必须是自发的，而不是强制的。
