Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Aug 15;340:117965. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117965. Epub 2023 Apr 28.
Straw return can improve crop yield as well as soil organic carbon (SOC) but may raise the possibility of NO and CH emissions. However, few studies have compared the effects of straw return on the yield, SOC, and NO emissions of various crops. Which management strategies are the best for balancing yield, SOC, and emission reduction for various crops needs to be clarified. A meta-analysis containing 2269 datasets collected from 369 studies was conducted to investigate the influence of agricultural management strategies on yield increase, soil carbon sequestration, and emission reduction in various crops after the straw return. Analytical results indicated that, on average, straw return increased the yield of rice, wheat, and maize by 5.04%, 8.09%, and 8.71%, respectively. Straw return increased maize NO emissions by 14.69% but did not significantly affect wheat NO emissions. Interestingly, straw return reduced the rice NO emissions by 11.43% but increased the CH emissions by 72.01%. The recommended nitrogen application amounts for balancing yield, SOC, and emission reduction varied among the three crops, while the recommended straw return amounts were more than 9000 kg/ha. The optimal tillage and straw return strategies for rice, wheat, and maize were plow tillage combined with incorporation, rotary tillage combined with incorporation, and no-tillage combined with mulching, respectively. A straw return duration of 5-10 years for rice and maize and ≤5 years for wheat was recommended. These findings provide optimal agricultural management strategies after straw return to balance the crop yield, SOC, and emission reduction for China's three major grain crops.
秸秆还田可以提高作物产量和土壤有机碳（SOC），但可能会增加氮氧化物（NO）和甲烷（CH）的排放。然而，很少有研究比较过秸秆还田对各种作物产量、SOC 和 NO 排放的影响。需要明确的是，对于各种作物，哪种管理策略最有利于平衡产量、SOC 和减排。本研究通过 Meta 分析，共包含 369 项研究的 2269 个数据集，调查了农业管理策略对秸秆还田后各种作物产量增加、土壤碳固存和减排的影响。分析结果表明，平均而言，秸秆还田使水稻、小麦和玉米的产量分别增加了 5.04%、8.09%和 8.71%。秸秆还田使玉米的 NO 排放增加了 14.69%，但对小麦的 NO 排放没有显著影响。有趣的是，秸秆还田使水稻的 NO 排放减少了 11.43%，但增加了 72.01%的 CH 排放。平衡产量、SOC 和减排的推荐施氮量因三种作物而异，而推荐的秸秆还田量均超过 9000 kg/ha。水稻、小麦和玉米的最佳耕作和秸秆还田策略分别是翻耕结合还田、旋耕结合还田和免耕结合覆盖，分别是翻耕结合还田、旋耕结合还田和免耕结合覆盖。建议水稻和玉米的秸秆还田年限为 5-10 年，小麦的秸秆还田年限应不超过 5 年。这些发现为中国三大粮食作物的秸秆还田后提供了最佳农业管理策略，以平衡作物产量、SOC 和减排。
