Chen Lin, Du Hailun, Liu Qing, Gao Wangsheng, Cui Jixiao, Chen Yuanquan
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Sep 17;15:1446277. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1446277. eCollection 2024.
Agricultural organic waste recycling can supply nutrients for crop production and partially replace chemical nitrogen fertilizers, which is beneficial for waste management and environmental protection. Nevertheless, comprehensive evaluation of the effects of different organic materials applications on crop yield and the environment is limited.
Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive investigation of the synergistic effects of straw, pig manure, and biogas residue recycling on the wheat () and maize () systems was carried out in the North China Plain. Field experiments were conducted from 2019 to 2021, comprising five treatments: straw (ST), pig manure (PM), and biogas residue (BR) partially replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer, sole application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (CF), and a control with no nitrogen application (WN).
The results showed that organic materials significantly increased soil total nitrogen (3.04%-9.10%) and N recovery efficiency (RE; 42.21%-44.99%), but pig manure was more beneficial in increasing crop yields (3.50%), especially wheat yields (8.72%), and RE was significantly higher than that of the other treatments. Organic materials performed differently in wheat and maize seasons, and wheat yield could be improved by organic materials return. Organic materials stimulated NO emission in wheat season (4.28%-32.20%), while biogas residue inhibited the NO emission in maize season (47.47%). The negative effect of straw and biogas residue on yield decreased with increasing years of return, and pig manure continued to contribute to yield. In conclusion, pig manure is the optimal alternative that can increase crop yield, soil N content, and RE without stimulating NO emissions.
农业有机废弃物循环利用可为作物生产提供养分，并部分替代化学氮肥，这有利于废弃物管理和环境保护。然而，对不同有机物料施用对作物产量和环境影响的综合评价有限。
因此，本研究在华北平原对秸秆、猪粪和沼渣循环利用对小麦（）和玉米（）系统的协同效应进行了全面调查。2019年至2021年进行了田间试验，包括五个处理：秸秆（ST）、猪粪（PM）和沼渣（BR）部分替代化学氮肥、单施化学氮肥（CF）以及不施氮对照（WN）。
结果表明，有机物料显著提高了土壤全氮含量（3.04%-9.10%）和氮素回收效率（RE；42.21%-44.99%），但猪粪对提高作物产量（3.50%）更有益，尤其是小麦产量（8.72%），且RE显著高于其他处理。有机物料在小麦季和玉米季表现不同，有机物料还田可提高小麦产量。有机物料在小麦季刺激了一氧化氮排放（4.28%-32.20%），而沼渣在玉米季抑制了一氧化氮排放（47.47%）。秸秆和沼渣对产量的负面影响随着还田年限的增加而降低，猪粪持续对产量有贡献。总之，猪粪是最佳替代物，可提高作物产量、土壤氮含量和RE，且不刺激一氧化氮排放。
