Dang Rui, Guan Huida, Wang Changhong
The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 12;14:1113583. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1113583. eCollection 2023.
Sinapis Semen (SS), the dried mature seed of L. and (L.) Czern. et Coss., is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials with a wide range of pharmacological effects being used for asthma, cough and many other ailments. SS is also widely used in food agriculture, medicine and other industries in North America and South Asia. More recently, the research on SS has gradually intensified and increased. However, there is no systematic review of SS. In this review, through literature exploration and analysis, the research advance on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, analytical methods and pharmacokinetics of SS was aggregated initially. Total 144 compounds have been isolated and identified from SS. Among them, glucosinolates and their hydrolysates and volatile oils are the main active ingredients and important chemical classification markers. SS has a wide range of pharmacological effects, especially in cough suppressing, asthma calming, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, inhibiting androgenic effects, anti-tumor, and skin permeation promoting effects. Sinapine and sinapic acid are the main active ingredients of SS for its medicinal effects. However, SS has a strong skin irritation, presumably related to the time of application, the method of processing, and original medicinal plants. This review will provide useful data for the follow-up research and safe and reasonable clinical application of SS.
芥子，为十字花科植物白芥Sinapis alba L.和芥Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss.的干燥成熟种子，是一种具有广泛药理作用的传统中药材，用于治疗哮喘、咳嗽和许多其他疾病。芥子在北美和南亚的食品农业、医药等行业也有广泛应用。近年来，对芥子的研究逐渐加强和增多。然而，目前尚无对芥子的系统综述。在本综述中，通过文献检索和分析，初步汇总了芥子在植物化学、药理学、毒性、分析方法和药代动力学方面的研究进展。从芥子中已分离鉴定出144种化合物。其中，硫代葡萄糖苷及其水解产物和挥发油是主要活性成分和重要的化学分类标记物。芥子具有广泛的药理作用，尤其在镇咳、平喘、抗炎、神经保护、心血管保护、抑制雄激素作用、抗肿瘤和促进皮肤渗透等方面。芥子碱和芥子酸是芥子发挥药用作用的主要活性成分。然而，芥子具有较强的皮肤刺激性，推测与用药时间、加工方法和原药材有关。本综述将为芥子的后续研究及安全合理的临床应用提供有用的数据。
