Pohlmeier H
Soz Praventivmed. 1979 Feb;24(1):8-12. doi: 10.1007/BF02083316.
The present situation of suicide prevention is portrayed by an historical outline, and the description of the practice and the theoretical foundations. It is established that suicide prevention was intensified after 1948 through the fundamental practical and theoretical works of Erwin Ringel. The present situation is characterized by the fact that after the initial recovery of desperate persons as patients for medicine, the defamation of the suicidal act by society could be avoided in another manner than by merely classifying it as a sickness. Increasing interest is being granted to political and other suicides who depict suicide as a possibility of mankind. The practical application of suicide prevention consists in the organization of rest-centres, the interdisciplinary participation of various professional groups and the application of various medical, psychological and social therapies. The theoretical foundation includes the theories of early and present psychoanalysis, social science and theoretical learn-oriented psychology. This formation and this global view of suicide prevention-practice and theory today, allow us to draw the conclusion that every physician, psychologist, social worker or other human being who comes into contact with desperate persons applies the most effective suicide prevention when he behaves in a straight forward manner, and is interested unreservedly in a candid, unforced way in the psychic and social conflict situation of the other, allthewhile respecting that person's freedom.
本文通过历史概述、实践描述及理论基础来呈现自杀预防的现状。研究表明，1948年后，通过欧文·林格尔的基础性实践和理论著作，自杀预防工作得到了加强。目前的状况特点是，在最初将绝望者作为医学患者进行救治之后，社会对自杀行为的诋毁可以通过不同于简单将其归类为疾病的方式来避免。人们对将自杀视为人类一种可能性的政治及其他自杀行为的关注度日益增加。自杀预防的实际应用包括设立休息中心、各专业团体的跨学科参与以及应用各种医学、心理和社会疗法。理论基础包括早期和当代精神分析理论、社会科学以及以理论学习为导向的心理学。当今这种自杀预防实践与理论的形成及整体观点使我们得出结论：每位与绝望者接触的医生、心理学家、社会工作者或其他人员，当他以坦诚的方式行事，毫无保留地、真诚且自然地关注他人的心理和社会冲突状况，同时尊重他人自由时，就是在应用最有效的自杀预防方法。
