Kjelkenes Rikka, Wolfers Thomas, Alnæs Dag, van der Meer Dennis, Pedersen Mads Lund, Dahl Andreas, Voldsbekk Irene, Moberget Torgeir, Tamnes Christian K, Andreassen Ole A, Marquand Andre F, Westlye Lars T
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2022 Feb 1;3(2):255-263. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.01.007. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Adolescence hosts a sharp increase in the incidence of mental disorders. The prodromal phases are often characterized by cognitive deficits that predate disease onset by several years. Characterization of cognitive performance in relation to normative trajectories may have value for early risk assessment and monitoring.
Youth aged 8 to 21 years ( = 6481) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort were included. Performance scores from a computerized neurocognitive battery were decomposed using principal component analysis, yielding a general cognitive score. Items reflecting various aspects of psychopathology from self-report questionnaires and collateral caregiver information were decomposed using independent component analysis, providing individual domain scores. Using normative modeling and Bayesian statistics, we estimated normative trajectories of cognitive function and tested for associations between cognitive deviance and psychopathological domain scores. In addition, we tested for associations with polygenic scores for mental and behavioral disorders often involving cognition, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Alzheimer's disease.
More negative normative cognitive deviations were associated with higher general psychopathology burden and domains reflecting positive and prodromal psychosis, attention problems, norm-violating behavior, and anxiety. In addition, better performance was associated with higher joint burden of depression, suicidal ideation, and negative psychosis symptoms. The analyses revealed no evidence for associations with polygenic scores.
Our results show that cognitive performance is associated with general and specific domains of psychopathology in youth. These findings support the close links between cognition and psychopathology in youth and highlight the potential of normative modeling for early risk assessment.
青春期精神障碍发病率急剧上升。前驱期通常以发病前数年出现的认知缺陷为特征。将认知表现与正常轨迹相关联进行特征描述可能对早期风险评估和监测具有价值。
纳入了来自费城神经发育队列的8至21岁青少年（n = 6481）。使用主成分分析对计算机化神经认知测试组合的表现分数进行分解，得出一个综合认知分数。使用独立成分分析对来自自我报告问卷和旁系照顾者信息中反映精神病理学各个方面的项目进行分解，得出各个领域分数。使用规范建模和贝叶斯统计，我们估计了认知功能的正常轨迹，并测试了认知偏差与精神病理学领域分数之间的关联。此外，我们测试了与通常涉及认知的精神和行为障碍的多基因分数的关联，包括精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍和阿尔茨海默病。
更多的负向正常认知偏差与更高的总体精神病理学负担以及反映阳性和前驱性精神病、注意力问题、违反规范行为和焦虑的领域相关。此外，更好的表现与更高的抑郁、自杀意念和阴性精神病症状的联合负担相关。分析未发现与多基因分数相关的证据。
我们的结果表明，认知表现与青少年精神病理学的总体和特定领域相关。这些发现支持了青少年认知与精神病理学之间的紧密联系，并突出了规范建模在早期风险评估中的潜力。
