Venkatesan Gokulakannan, Wan Ab Rahman Wan Suriana, Shahidan Wan Nazatul Shima, Iberahim Salfarina, Muhd Besari Hashim Alwi Bin
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Apr 13;14:1097173. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097173. eCollection 2023.
Early disease diagnosis is critical for better management and treatment outcome of patients. Therefore, diagnostic methods should ideally be accurate, consistent, easy to perform at low cost and preferably non-invasive. In recent years, various biomarkers have been studied for the detection of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus and malignancies. Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules that influence gene expression after transcription. Previous studies have shown that these types of miRNAs can potentially be used as biomarkers for cancers of the breast and colon, as well as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It may also be used to indicate viral and bacterial infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis and hepatitis. However, its use in the diagnosis of vector-borne diseases is rather limited. Therefore, this review aims to introduce several miRNAs derived from exosomal plasma that may potentially serve as a disease biomarker due to the body's immune response, with special focus on the early detection of vector-borne diseases.
早期疾病诊断对于患者的更好管理和治疗结果至关重要。因此，理想的诊断方法应准确、一致、易于操作且成本低廉，最好是非侵入性的。近年来，人们对各种生物标志物进行了研究，用于检测心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、传染病、糖尿病和恶性肿瘤。外泌体微小RNA（miRNA）是小的非编码RNA分子，可在转录后影响基因表达。先前的研究表明，这些类型的miRNA有可能用作乳腺癌、结肠癌以及弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的生物标志物。它还可用于指示病毒和细菌感染，如人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、结核病和肝炎。然而，其在媒介传播疾病诊断中的应用相当有限。因此，本综述旨在介绍几种源自外泌体血浆的miRNA，由于机体的免疫反应，它们有可能作为疾病生物标志物，特别关注媒介传播疾病的早期检测。
