Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Front Public Health. 2022 Jun 9;10:850851. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.850851. eCollection 2022.
Dengue fever (DF) is endemic to Makkah and Jeddah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). However, until recently, the circulation of dengue virus (DENV) in mosquitoes in these areas was unknown. Serological surveillance of DENV in is a powerful tool for early detection of dengue outbreaks and essential for developing effective control strategies. Therefore, this research aimed to examine a sample of adult mosquitoes from Makkah, KSA, to detect DENV. In total, 1295 mosquitoes were collected from the field from target areas of Makkah with a high incidence and prevalence of DF. The samples were divided into 259 coded pools (five mosquitoes in each) and preserved in 1.5 mL plastic tubes. The tubes were labeled, capped, and stored at-86°C until use. RT-PCR was used to detect DENV in the samples. All positive pools were confirmed by RT-PCR. The RT-PCR products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis (1.5% agarose in Tris-acetate EDTA buffer), stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized. DENV was isolated from six female collected from six pools (out of 259 pools). No other viruses were detected. Only five of the nine target localities had positive pools. Samples from the remaining four localities yielded negative results. Four DENV-positive mosquitoes were collected at the aquatic stages, and two were collected at the adult stage. These results show the circulation of DENV in adult mosquitoes and offspring, indicating vertical transmission of DENV. In conclusion, this study found that, in Makkah, DENV is circulating in dengue vectors with a high significance rate, suggesting the possibility of a dengue outbreak in the future; therefore, a sensitive surveillance system is vital to predict the outbreak and for early intervention and control.
登革热（DF）在沙特阿拉伯王国（KSA）的麦加和吉达流行。然而，直到最近，这些地区蚊子中登革热病毒（DENV）的循环情况仍不清楚。对 的 DENV 进行血清学监测是早期发现登革热暴发的有力工具，也是制定有效控制策略的必要条件。因此，本研究旨在检查沙特麦加成年 蚊子样本，以检测 DENV。总共从麦加目标地区的野外采集了 1295 只蚊子，这些地区的 DF 发病率和患病率很高。这些样本被分为 259 个编码池（每个池中有五只蚊子），并保存在 1.5 mL 塑料管中。管上标有编码、盖子，并储存在-86°C 直到使用。使用 RT-PCR 检测样本中的 DENV。所有阳性池均通过 RT-PCR 确认。通过凝胶电泳（Tris-乙酸盐 EDTA 缓冲液中的 1.5%琼脂糖）分析 RT-PCR 产物，并用溴化乙锭染色并观察。从六个池中（259 个池中的六个）采集的六只雌性 中分离出 DENV。未检测到其他病毒。只有五个目标地点的九个阳性池。其余四个地点的样本均呈阴性。在水生阶段采集到四只 DENV 阳性蚊子，在成虫阶段采集到两只。这些结果表明 DENV 在成年蚊子及其后代中循环，表明 DENV 的垂直传播。总之，本研究发现，在麦加，DENV 在具有高显著率的登革热媒介中循环，这表明未来可能会爆发登革热；因此，建立一个敏感的监测系统对于预测暴发和早期干预控制至关重要。
