Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Aug 1;884:163793. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163793. Epub 2023 Apr 29.
Crop diseases significantly threaten global food security and will worsen with a changing climate. Elemental sulfur nanomaterials (S NMs) were used to suppress bacterial pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Foliar application with S NMs at 10-100 mg/L statistically decreased the occurrence of bacterial soft rot, where 100 mg/L exhibited the best performance with alleviating disease severity by 94.1 % as relative to infected controls. The disease suppression efficiency of S based materials (100 mg/L) and a conventional pesticide (thiophanate-methyl) followed the order of S NMs ≈ pesticide > S bulk particles (BPs) > sulfate. The disease control efficiency of S NMs was 1.33- and 3.20-fold that of S BPs and sulfate, respectively, and the shoot and root biomass with S NMs was 1.25- and 1.17-fold that of the pesticide treated plants. Mechanistically, S NMs (1) triggered jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) mediated systematic induced resistance and systemic acquired resistance, thereby upregulating pathogenesis-related gene expression (enhanced by 29.3-259.7 %); (2) enhanced antioxidative enzyme activity and antioxidative gene expression (improved by 67.5-326.6 %), thereby alleviating the oxidative stress; and (3) exhibited direct in vivo antibacterial activity. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that S NMs also promoted the tricarboxylic acid cycle and increased SA and JA metabolite biosynthesis. Moreover, S NMs application increased nutritive quality of lettuce by 20.8-191.7 %. These findings demonstrate that S NMs have potential to manage crop disease, thereby reducing the environmental burden due to decreasing use of conventional pesticides.
作物病害严重威胁全球粮食安全，且随着气候变化还会加剧。元素硫纳米材料（S NMs）被用于抑制生菜（Lactuca sativa L.）上的细菌病原菌果胶杆菌（Pectobacterium carotovorum）。在 10-100mg/L 浓度下叶面喷施 S NMs 可显著降低细菌性软腐病的发生，其中 100mg/L 处理的防效最佳，与对照相比可缓解 94.1%的病情严重度。基于硫的材料（100mg/L）和常规农药（噻菌灵）的病害抑制效率遵循 S NMs≈农药＞S 体相颗粒（BPs）＞硫酸盐的顺序。S NMs 的病害控制效率分别比 S BPs 和硫酸盐高 1.33 倍和 3.20 倍，喷施 S NMs 的植株地上部和根系生物量比施药处理的植株分别高 1.25 倍和 1.17 倍。从机理上看，S NMs（1）触发茉莉酸（JA）和水杨酸（SA）介导的系统性诱导抗性和系统性获得抗性，从而上调病程相关基因表达（提高 29.3-259.7%）；（2）增强抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化基因表达（提高 67.5-326.6%），从而缓解氧化应激；（3）具有直接的体内抑菌活性。代谢组学分析表明，S NMs 还促进了三羧酸循环，并增加了 SA 和 JA 代谢物的生物合成。此外，S NMs 的应用还可使生菜的营养品质提高 20.8-191.7%。这些发现表明 S NMs 具有防治作物病害的潜力，从而减少了因减少使用常规农药而带来的环境负担。
