Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
TB-HIV Research Unit, Angelo King Medical Research Center-De La Salle Medical and Health Science Institute, Cavite, Philippines.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2023 Jun;21(6):595-616. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2207820. Epub 2023 May 8.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of global morbidity and mortality, affecting nearly a quarter of the human population and accounting for over 10 million deaths each year. Over the past several decades, TB incidence and mortality have gradually declined, but 2021 marked a threatening reversal of this trend highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of all forms of TB.
This review summarizes advances in TB diagnostics, addresses the treatment of people with TB infection and TB disease including recent evidence for treatment regimens for drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB, and draws attention to special considerations in children and during pregnancy.
Improvements in diagnosis and management of TB have expanded the available options for TB control. Molecular testing has enhanced the detection of TB disease, but better diagnostics are still needed, particularly for certain populations such as children. Novel treatment regimens have shortened treatment and improved outcomes for people with TB. However, important questions remain regarding the optimal management of TB. Work must continue to ensure the potential of the latest developments is realized for all people affected by TB.
结核病（TB）是导致全球发病率和死亡率的主要传染病之一，影响了近四分之一的人口，每年导致超过 1000 万人死亡。在过去几十年中，结核病的发病率和死亡率逐渐下降，但 2021 年标志着这一趋势出现了威胁性的逆转，突显了准确诊断和有效治疗所有形式结核病的重要性。
本综述总结了结核病诊断方面的进展，讨论了针对结核感染和结核病患者的治疗方法，包括最近针对药敏和耐药结核病治疗方案的证据，并提请注意儿童和孕妇的特殊考虑因素。
结核病的诊断和管理的改进扩大了结核病控制的可用选择。分子检测提高了结核病的检出率，但仍需要更好的诊断方法，特别是针对儿童等特定人群。新型治疗方案缩短了治疗时间并改善了结核病患者的预后。然而，对于结核病的最佳管理仍存在重要问题。必须继续努力确保最新发展成果惠及所有受结核病影响的人群。
