Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.
Psychiatry Res. 2023 Jul;325:115190. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115190. Epub 2023 Apr 25.
Cannabis use and occurrences of depression during adolescence are common. However, the temporal relationship between the two is less understood. Does depression lead to cannabis use, or does cannabis use lead to depression, or is it a combination of both? Furthermore, this directionality is confounded by other substance use, specifically binge drinking, which is common during adolescence. This study aimed to examine the temporal directionality of cannabis use and depression among a prospective, longitudinal, sequential cohort of 15 to 24-year-olds. Data were drawn from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. The final sample included 767 participants. Multilevel regression models were run to assess concurrent (at the same time point) and prospective (1 year later) associations between cannabis use and depression. When measured concurrently, depressive symptoms did not significantly predict past-month cannabis use but did significantly predict more days of use among cannabis users. Prospective associations indicated that depressive symptoms significantly predicted cannabis use 1 year later and cannabis use significantly predicted depressive symptoms 1 year later. We found no evidence that these associations varied by age or binge drinking. Overall, the relationship between cannabis use and depression appears to be complex and not unidirectional.
青少年时期使用大麻和出现抑郁的情况很常见。然而，这两者之间的时间关系还不太清楚。是抑郁导致使用大麻，还是使用大麻导致抑郁，或者两者兼而有之？此外，这种方向性还受到其他物质使用的影响，特别是在青少年时期很常见的狂饮。本研究旨在通过对一个前瞻性、纵向、顺序队列的 15 至 24 岁青少年进行研究，检验大麻使用和抑郁之间的时间方向性。数据来自青少年期酒精和神经发育国家联合研究（NCANDA）。最终样本包括 767 名参与者。采用多层次回归模型评估大麻使用和抑郁在同一时间点（同期）和 1 年后（前瞻性）的关联。当同期测量时，抑郁症状并未显著预测过去一个月的大麻使用，但显著预测了大麻使用者中使用天数的增加。前瞻性关联表明，抑郁症状显著预测了 1 年后的大麻使用，而大麻使用也显著预测了 1 年后的抑郁症状。我们没有发现这些关联因年龄或狂饮而有所不同的证据。总的来说，大麻使用和抑郁之间的关系似乎很复杂，并不是单向的。
