Université de Rennes, UFR Odontologie F-35043 Rennes, France - CHU Rennes, Pôle d'Odontologie, F-35033 Rennes, France.
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Arch Pediatr. 2023 Jul;30(5):335-342. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.03.005. Epub 2023 May 3.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are generally observed in individuals between the ages of 20 and 40 years. TMD have also been described in children and adolescents but are still not widely detected and treated in routine practice. Through a literature review, this work aims to improve the diagnosis and management of TMD in children and adolescents by dentists.
This literature review was performed by a computerized search of the database PubMed for published articles on TMD in children and adolescents. Articles evaluating the prevalence, etiologies and risk factors, diagnosis, signs, and symptoms as well as the comorbidities of TMD, published between 2001 and 2022, were included in this review.
A total of 51 articles were included. Most of studies reported a prevalence of over 20%, with a higher prevalence in females. The two most common diagnoses were myofascial pain and disk displacement with reduction. Headaches were often associated with the condition. The management of TMD in children and adolescents has been poorly studied.
TMD frequently affect children and adolescents. Therefore, for prevention purposes, an examination of the masticatory system should be included in the dental check-up. Early diagnosis is essential in order to limit effects on their growth, development, and quality of life. TMD management is not currently validated for children and adolescents. Noninvasive and reversible care should be preferred.
颞下颌关节紊乱（TMD）通常发生在 20 至 40 岁的人群中。儿童和青少年也会出现 TMD，但在常规实践中尚未广泛发现和治疗。通过文献回顾，本研究旨在提高牙医对儿童和青少年 TMD 的诊断和管理水平。
通过计算机检索 PubMed 数据库中关于儿童和青少年 TMD 的已发表文章，对 TMD 进行文献回顾。本综述纳入了 2001 年至 2022 年期间发表的评估 TMD 患病率、病因和危险因素、诊断、体征和症状以及 TMD 共病的文章。
共纳入 51 篇文章。大多数研究报告的患病率超过 20%，女性患病率较高。最常见的两个诊断是肌筋膜疼痛和可复性关节盘前移位。头痛常与该疾病相关。儿童和青少年 TMD 的管理研究甚少。
TMD 常影响儿童和青少年。因此，出于预防目的，应在牙科检查中纳入咀嚼系统检查。早期诊断对于限制其生长、发育和生活质量的影响至关重要。目前尚未针对儿童和青少年验证 TMD 的治疗方法。应优先采用非侵入性和可逆性治疗。
