Center for Research on Tobacco & Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Jun 15;24(7):955-961. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab247.
The extent to which use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) for smoking reduction leads to cigarette abstinence in smokers with no plans to quit smoking is unclear. This exploratory analysis examined the effects of ENDS delivering different amounts of nicotine on cigarette abstinence up to 24-week follow-up, in comparison to placebo or a behavioral substitute.
This four-arm parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trial took place at two academic medical centers in the United States (Penn State Hershey and Virginia Commonwealth University). Participants were current adult smokers (N = 520) interested in reducing but not planning to quit. They received brief advice and were randomized to one of four 24-week conditions, receiving either an eGo-style ENDS paired with 0, 8, or 36 mg/ml nicotine liquid (double-blind) or a cigarette-shaped tube, as a cigarette substitute (CS). Self-reported daily cigarette consumption and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) were measured at all study visits. Outcomes included intent-to-treat, self-reported 7-day cigarette abstinence, biochemically confirmed by exhaled CO at 24 weeks after randomization.
At 24 weeks, significantly more participants in the 36 mg/ml condition (14/130, 10.8%) than in the 0 mg/ml condition (1/130, 0.8%) and the CS condition (4/130, 3.1%) were abstinent (relative risk = 14 [95% CI = 1.9-104.9] and 3.5 [95% CI = 1.2-10.4], respectively). The abstinence rate in the 8 mg/ml condition was 4.6% (6/130).
When smokers seeking to reduce smoking tried ENDS, few quit smoking in the short term. However, if smokers continued to use an ENDS with cigarette-like nicotine delivery, a greater proportion completely switched to ENDS, as compared with placebo or a cigarette substitute.
The extent to which use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) for smoking reduction leads to cigarette abstinence in smokers with no plans to quit smoking was unclear. This randomized trial found that ENDS with nicotine delivery approaching that of a cigarette are more effective in helping ambivalent smokers to quit cigarette smoking.
使用电子烟减少吸烟量，是否会导致那些没有戒烟计划的吸烟者戒烟，目前尚不清楚。本探索性分析旨在比较不同尼古丁含量的电子烟与安慰剂或行为替代物相比，在 24 周随访期间对戒烟的影响。
本研究为在美国两所学术医疗中心（宾夕法尼亚州立大学赫尔希和弗吉尼亚联邦大学）开展的、四臂平行组、随机、安慰剂对照试验。参与者为有吸烟量减少意愿但无戒烟计划的当前成年吸烟者（N=520）。他们接受了简短的建议，并被随机分配至四种 24 周的治疗组，分别接受 eGo 风格电子烟与 0、8 或 36mg/ml 尼古丁液（双盲）或香烟形状的管（香烟替代物，CS）。在所有研究访视时，报告每日吸烟量和呼气一氧化碳（CO）。主要结局包括意向治疗分析的、24 周后自我报告的 7 天戒烟率和通过呼气 CO 生物化学确认的戒烟率。
24 周时，36mg/ml 组（14/130，10.8%）的戒烟率显著高于 0mg/ml 组（1/130，0.8%）和 CS 组（4/130，3.1%）（相对风险=14 [95%CI=1.9-104.9] 和 3.5 [95%CI=1.2-10.4]）。8mg/ml 组的戒烟率为 4.6%（6/130）。
当试图减少吸烟量的吸烟者尝试使用电子烟时，他们在短期内很少戒烟。然而，如果吸烟者继续使用类似香烟的尼古丁输送电子烟，与安慰剂或香烟替代物相比，更多的人会完全转为使用电子烟。
使用电子烟减少吸烟量，是否会导致那些没有戒烟计划的吸烟者戒烟，目前尚不清楚。这项随机试验发现，尼古丁输送接近香烟的电子烟在帮助犹豫不决的吸烟者戒烟方面更有效。
