School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Aug 20;887:163857. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163857. Epub 2023 May 4.
Bio-coatings serve as artificial scaffolds for immobilizing microalgae to facilitate cell concentration and harvesting. It has been used as an additional step to enhance the natural microalgal biofilm cultivation and to promote new opportunities in artificially-immobilize cultivation technology of microalgae. This technique is able to enhance biomass productivities, enable energy and cost saving, water volume reduction and ease of biomass harvesting since the cells are physically isolated from the liquid medium. However, scientific discoveries of bio-coatings for process intensification are still lacking and their working principles remained unclear. Therefore, this critical review aims to shed light on the advancement of cell encapsulation systems (hydrogel coating, artificial leaf, bio-catalytic latex coating, and cellular polymeric coating) over the years and aid in the selection of appropriate bio-coating techniques for various applications. Discussion on the different preparation routes of bio-coatings, as well as the exploration towards the potential of bio-based coating materials such as natural/synthetic polymers, latex binders, and algal organic matters are also included, with a focus on sustainable pursuits. This review also presents in-depth investigations into the environmental applications of bio-coatings in wastewater remediation, air purification, carbon bio-fixation, and bio-electricity. The field of bio-coating in microalgae immobilization gives rise to a new ecofriendly strategy with scalable cultivation footprint and a balanced environmental risk aligning with the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals with potential towards the contribution of Zero Hunger, Clean Water and Sanitation, Affordable and Clean Energy, and Responsible Consumption and Production.
生物涂层可用作固定微藻的人工支架，以促进细胞浓缩和收获。它已被用作增强自然微藻生物膜培养的附加步骤，并为人工固定化微藻培养技术提供了新的机会。该技术能够提高生物质生产力，节约能源和成本，减少水体积并便于生物质收获，因为细胞与液体培养基物理隔离。然而，生物涂层在强化过程中的科学发现仍然缺乏，其工作原理尚不清楚。因此，本综述旨在阐明多年来细胞包封系统（水凝胶涂层、人工叶片、生物催化乳胶涂层和细胞聚合涂层）的进展，并有助于为各种应用选择合适的生物涂层技术。讨论了生物涂层的不同制备途径，以及对生物基涂层材料（天然/合成聚合物、乳胶粘合剂和藻类有机物）的潜在探索，重点是可持续发展。本综述还深入研究了生物涂层在废水修复、空气净化、碳生物固定和生物电能方面的环境应用。微藻固定化中的生物涂层领域提出了一种新的环保策略，具有可扩展的养殖足迹和平衡的环境风险，符合联合国可持续发展目标，有望为零饥饿、清洁饮水和卫生设施、可负担和清洁能源以及负责任的消费和生产做出贡献。
