Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China.
HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China.
J Cardiol. 2024 Jan;83(1):30-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.04.017. Epub 2023 May 4.
As a transcriptional activator widely expressed in various tissues, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is involved in the regulation of the immune system, the development of the heart and brain systems, and classically mediating pathological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy. Oxidative stress is an imbalance of intracellular redox status, characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload, and subsequent lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Oxidative stress occurs during various pathological processes, such as chronic hypoxia, vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching, ischemia-reperfusion, and cardiac remodeling. Calcium overload leads to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, while NFAT can be activated through calcium-calcineurin, which is also the main regulatory mode of NFAT factors. This review focuses on the effects of NFAT transcription factors on reactive oxygen species production, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, redox reactions, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. We hope to provide a reference for the functions and characteristics of NFAT involved in various stages of oxidative stress as well as related potential targets.
作为一种广泛表达于各种组织中的转录激活因子，活化 T 细胞核因子（NFAT）参与免疫系统的调节、心脏和大脑系统的发育，并经典地介导心脏肥大等病理性过程。氧化应激是细胞内氧化还原状态的失衡，其特征为活性氧的过度产生，伴有线粒体功能障碍、钙超载，随后发生脂质过氧化、炎症和细胞凋亡。氧化应激发生于多种病理过程中，如慢性缺氧、血管平滑肌细胞表型转换、缺血再灌注和心脏重构。钙超载导致细胞内钙浓度增加，而 NFAT 可通过钙调磷酸酶激活，这也是 NFAT 因子的主要调控模式。本综述重点关注 NFAT 转录因子在氧化应激时对活性氧产生、钙超载、线粒体功能障碍、氧化还原反应、脂质过氧化、炎症和细胞凋亡的影响。我们希望为 NFAT 在氧化应激的各个阶段的功能和特性以及相关的潜在靶点提供参考。
