Narwade Mahavir, Shaikh Aazam, Gajbhiye Kavita R, Kesharwani Prashant, Gajbhiye Virendra
Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, India.
Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, 411004, India.
Biomater Res. 2023 May 6;27(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s40824-023-00365-y.
The non-specificity of standard anticancer therapies has profound detrimental consequences in clinical treatment. Therapeutic specificity can be precisely achieved using cutting-edge ligands. Small synthetic oligonucleotide-ligands chosen through Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) would be an unceasing innovation in using nucleic acids as aptamers, frequently referred to as "chemical antibodies." Aptamers act as externally controlled switching materials that can attach to various substrates, for example, membrane proteins or nucleic acid structures. Aptamers pose excellent specificity and affinity for target molecules and can be used as medicines to suppress tumor cell growth directly. The creation of aptamer-conjugated nanoconstructs has recently opened up innovative options in cancer therapy that are more effective and target tumor cells with minor toxicity to healthy tissues. This review focuses on a comprehensive description of the most capable classes of aptamer-tethered nanocarriers for precise recognition of cancer cells with significant development in proficiency, selectivity, and targetability for cancer therapy. Existing theranostic applications with the problems and future directions are also highlighted.
标准抗癌疗法的非特异性在临床治疗中会产生深远的有害后果。使用前沿配体可以精确实现治疗特异性。通过指数富集配体系统进化（SELEX）选择的小型合成寡核苷酸配体，将是核酸作为适体（常被称为“化学抗体”）应用方面的不断创新。适体可作为外部可控的开关材料，能够附着于各种底物，例如膜蛋白或核酸结构。适体对靶分子具有出色的特异性和亲和力，可直接用作抑制肿瘤细胞生长的药物。适体缀合纳米结构的创建最近为癌症治疗开辟了创新选择，这些选择更有效，且对健康组织毒性较小地靶向肿瘤细胞。本综述着重全面描述最具潜力的适体连接纳米载体类别，以精确识别癌细胞，在癌症治疗的熟练度、选择性和靶向性方面有显著进展。还强调了现有诊疗应用存在的问题及未来方向。
