Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway; Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Gral. Lagos 1025, 5110693, Valdivia, Chile.
Redox Biol. 2023 Jul;63:102730. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102730. Epub 2023 May 3.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Supplementation with the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with lower CVD risk. However, results from randomized controlled trials that examine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on CVD risk are inconsistent. This risk-reducing effect may be mediated by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and serum triglyceride (TG) levels. However, not all individuals respond by reducing TG levels after omega-3 supplementation. This inter-individual variability in TG response to omega-3 supplementation is not fully understood. Hence, we aim to review the evidence for how interactions between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and genetic variants, epigenetic and gene expression profiling, gut microbiota and habitual intake of omega-3 fatty acids can explain why the TG response differs between individuals. This may contribute to understanding the current controversies and play a role in defining future personalized guidelines to prevent CVD.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球范围内主要的死亡原因。补充海洋 ω-3 脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）与降低 CVD 风险有关。然而，检查 ω-3 补充剂对 CVD 风险影响的随机对照试验的结果并不一致。这种降低风险的作用可能是通过减少炎症、氧化应激和血清甘油三酯（TG）水平来介导的。然而，并非所有个体在 ω-3 补充后都能通过降低 TG 水平来做出反应。个体对 ω-3 补充的 TG 反应的这种个体间变异性尚不完全清楚。因此，我们旨在综述 ω-3 脂肪酸补充剂与遗传变异、表观遗传和基因表达谱、肠道微生物群和 ω-3 脂肪酸的习惯性摄入之间的相互作用如何能解释为什么个体之间的 TG 反应不同的证据。这有助于理解当前的争议，并在确定预防 CVD 的未来个性化指南方面发挥作用。
