Carballo Afonso Rocío, Diz Gómez José Carlos, Redondo Gutiérrez Laura, Ayán Pérez Carlos
Departamento de Didácticas Especiais. Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte. Universidade de Vigo.
Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur) Sergas-UVIGO.
Nutr Hosp. 2023 Jun 21;40(3):503-510. doi: 10.20960/nh.04498.
Introduction: adolescents are the group most vulnerable to distortions in the perception of their image. This often leads to body dissatisfaction that can negatively affect their self-esteem. The practice of physical activity (PA) could help solve this problem. Objectives: to analyze the influence that the amount of PA performed has on the self-perception of body image in the pre and adolescent population while taking into account confounding factors that could affect this relationship. Methods: a cross-sectional study of 822 participants aged 9 to 16 years was conducted. The prevalence of PA, their body mass index (BMI), and their objective and perceived physical condition (PC) were determined. The Stunkard pictogram was used to determine the degree of body dissatisfaction. Results: a generalized satisfaction with own body image was found regardless of age and sex. Low-magnitude significant associations were found between perceived body image and the amount of PA, perceived PC, and objective PC. PA did not influence body satisfaction when adjusted for BMI, which was the variable that presented the highest correlations with self-perception (r = 0.713) and self-satisfaction (r = 0.576). Conclusions: a generalized satisfaction with one's own body image was identified in the pre and adolescent population under study. The amount of PA was not shown to be a variable with great influence on self-perception and body satisfaction, contrary to BMI.
青少年是最容易在自我形象认知上出现偏差的群体。这常常导致身体意象不满，进而对他们的自尊产生负面影响。体育活动（PA）的开展可能有助于解决这一问题。目的：分析体育活动量对青春期前及青少年群体身体意象自我认知的影响，同时考虑可能影响这种关系的混杂因素。方法：对822名9至16岁的参与者进行了一项横断面研究。测定了体育活动的患病率、他们的体重指数（BMI）以及他们客观和主观的身体状况（PC）。使用斯图卡德体型图来确定身体不满程度。结果：无论年龄和性别，均发现对自身身体意象普遍感到满意。在主观身体意象与体育活动量、主观身体状况和客观身体状况之间发现了低强度的显著关联。在对BMI进行调整后，体育活动并未影响身体满意度，BMI是与自我认知（r = 0.713）和自我满意度（r = 0.576）相关性最高的变量。结论：在所研究的青春期前及青少年群体中，发现对自身身体意象普遍感到满意。与BMI相反，体育活动量并未显示出对自我认知和身体满意度有很大影响。
