John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Rejuvenation Res. 2023 Aug;26(4):126-138. doi: 10.1089/rej.2023.0015. Epub 2023 Jun 12.
T cells play critical roles in the immune system, including in responses to cancer, autoimmunity, and tissue regeneration. T cells arise from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) that differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. CLPs then traffic to the thymus, where they undergo thymopoiesis through a number of selection steps, resulting in mature single positive naive CD4 helper or CD8 cytotoxic T cells. Naive T cells are home to secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes and are primed by antigen-presenting cells, which scavenge for both foreign and self-antigens. Effector T cell function is multifaceted, including direct target cell lysis and secretion of cytokines, which regulate the functions of other immune cells (refer to "Graphical Abstract"). This review will discuss T cell development and function, from the development of lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow to principles that govern T cell effector function and dysfunction, specifically within the context of cancer.
T 细胞在免疫系统中发挥着关键作用，包括对癌症、自身免疫和组织再生的反应。T 细胞来源于共同淋巴祖细胞（CLP），它们从骨髓中的造血干细胞分化而来。CLP 随后迁移到胸腺，在那里通过一系列选择步骤进行胸腺发生，导致成熟的单阳性幼稚 CD4 辅助或 CD8 细胞毒性 T 细胞。幼稚 T 细胞位于淋巴结等次级淋巴器官中，并被抗原呈递细胞激活，这些细胞会清除外来和自身抗原。效应 T 细胞的功能是多方面的，包括直接靶细胞溶解和细胞因子的分泌，这些细胞因子调节其他免疫细胞的功能（参见“图形摘要”）。这篇综述将讨论 T 细胞的发育和功能，从骨髓中淋巴祖细胞的发育到控制 T 细胞效应功能和功能障碍的原则，特别是在癌症的背景下。
