Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Psychother Res. 2023 Sep;33(7):873-885. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2209694. Epub 2023 May 8.
: Meditation, mindfulness, and acceptance (MMA) methods have gained popularity among psychotherapists and the public. The impact of these strategies as implemented in treatment packages (e.g., mindfulness-based interventions) has been studied extensively. However, the impact of integrating MMA strategies into individual psychotherapy has not been established.
: To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a systematic review of empirical (quantitative or qualitative) studies investigating the use of MMA methods during individual psychotherapy in adult samples.
: After reviewing 4671 references, only three studies (one quantitative, two qualitative) met our inclusion criteria. The one experimental study (= 162) provided no evidence that including mindfulness meditation improved outcomes beyond other active interventions (s = 0.00-0.12 for effects on general clinical symptoms vs. progressive muscle relaxation and treatment-as-usual, respectively). Two qualitative studies (= 5 therapist-patient dyads in one study, = 9 adults in one study) provided preliminary evidence that patients may find MMA methods helpful.
: We highlight future directions for work in this area, including clarifying optimal dosage and timing, identifying patient characteristics associated with beneficial or adverse effects, investigating cultural adaptations, and clarifying how MMA constructs can be measured within individual psychotherapy. We conclude by highlighting training recommendations and therapeutic practices.
冥想、正念和接纳（MMA）方法在心理治疗师和公众中越来越受欢迎。这些策略在治疗方案中的应用效果（例如，基于正念的干预）已经得到了广泛的研究。然而，将 MMA 策略整合到个体心理治疗中的效果尚未确定。
为了填补文献中的这一空白，我们对调查 MMA 方法在成年患者个体心理治疗中应用的实证研究（定量或定性）进行了系统回顾。
在回顾了 4671 篇参考文献后，只有三项研究（一项定量研究，两项定性研究）符合我们的纳入标准。唯一的一项实验研究（=162 名参与者）没有提供证据表明，包含正念冥想可以改善治疗效果，优于其他积极干预（与渐进性肌肉松弛和常规治疗相比，对一般临床症状的影响分别为 s=0.00-0.12）。两项定性研究（一项研究中=5 名治疗师-患者对，一项研究中=9 名成年人）提供了初步证据，表明患者可能会发现 MMA 方法有帮助。
我们强调了该领域未来的工作方向，包括明确最佳剂量和时间、确定与有益或不利影响相关的患者特征、调查文化适应性以及澄清如何在个体心理治疗中测量 MMA 结构。最后，我们强调了培训建议和治疗实践。
