Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Psychooncology. 2023 Jul;32(7):1038-1047. doi: 10.1002/pon.6145. Epub 2023 May 8.
Family caregivers tend to neglect their health while prioritizing the needs of their care recipients. Identifying subgroups of caregivers based on the patterns of health-promoting behaviors (HPBs) may help develop tailored interventions for them, yet little is known. The purpose of this study was: (1) to identify latent classes with distinct patterns of HPBs in family caregivers of people with cancer; and (2) to investigate factors associated with the latent class membership.
We performed a cross-sectional data analysis using the baseline dataset from a longitudinal survey study that assessed HPBs of family caregivers of individuals who received cancer treatment at a national research hospital (N = 124). Latent class profile analysis was conducted to identify latent classes based on the subdomains of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, followed by multinomial logistic regression analysis to investigate factors associated with the latent class membership.
Three latent classes were identified: a high level of HPB (Class 1, 25.8%); a moderate level of HPB (Class 2, 53.2%); and a low level of HPB (Class 3, 21.0%) of HPBs. Controlling for caregiver age and sex, caregiver burden due to lack of family support, perceived stress, self-efficacy and body mass index were factors associated with the latent class membership.
HPBs of our caregiver sample appeared in relatively stable patterns at different levels. Higher caregiver burden and perceived stress and lower self-efficacy were associated with the lower practice of HPBs overall. Our findings may serve as a reference for screening caregivers who need support and developing person-centered interventions.
家庭照顾者在优先照顾被照顾者的需求时，往往会忽视自己的健康。根据促进健康行为（HPB）的模式识别照顾者亚组，可能有助于为他们制定量身定制的干预措施，但目前知之甚少。本研究的目的是：（1）确定癌症患者家庭照顾者中具有不同 HPB 模式的潜在类别；（2）研究与潜在类别成员资格相关的因素。
我们使用纵向调查研究的基线数据集进行了横断面数据分析，该研究评估了在国家研究医院接受癌症治疗的个体的家庭照顾者的 HPB（N=124）。基于健康促进生活方式量表 II 的子领域进行潜在类别特征分析，然后进行多分类逻辑回归分析，以调查与潜在类别成员资格相关的因素。
确定了三个潜在类别：高水平的 HPB（第 1 类，25.8%）；中等水平的 HPB（第 2 类，53.2%）；和低水平的 HPB（第 3 类，21.0%）。控制照顾者年龄和性别、缺乏家庭支持导致的照顾者负担、感知压力、自我效能和体重指数是与潜在类别成员资格相关的因素。
我们的照顾者样本的 HPB 表现出不同水平的相对稳定模式。较高的照顾者负担和感知压力以及较低的自我效能与整体较低的 HPB 实践相关。我们的研究结果可以作为筛选需要支持的照顾者和开发以患者为中心的干预措施的参考。
