School of Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, 102249, China.
School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, No. 27, Zhongguancunnan Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
BMC Geriatr. 2021 Mar 24;21(1):206. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02121-0.
Previous research on the associations between lifestyle behaviors and health has largely focused on morbidity, mortality and disease prevention. More attention should be paid to examining relationships between lifestyle behaviors and positive health outcomes such as well-being. The aim of the study was to classify Chinese oldest-old's health lifestyles and evaluate the manner in which health lifestyles have impacted Chinese oldest-old's subjective well-being.
Analyzing the 2014 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), latent class analysis was applied to identify predominant health lifestyles among Chinese oldest-old aged 85 to 105. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression models were used to assess the effects of health lifestyles on Chinese oldest-old's subjective well-being, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics.
Four distinct classes representing health lifestyles emerged. Health lifestyles were found to be strongly associated with Chinese oldest-old's subjective well-being, even after controlling for demographic features as well as individual and parental socioeconomic disadvantage. Findings showed that healthy lifestyle behaviors stimulated Chinese oldest-old's positive feelings and led to better evaluative subjective well-being. In contrast, less healthy lifestyle behaviors can be a predictor of negative feelings.
The regression results highlighted the importance of integrating health lifestyle choices in promoting oldest-old's psychological well-being. Elders can tackle healthier lifestyle behaviors in their daily lives to reduce the risk of mental health problems. Practicing healthy lifestyles should be integrated in programs for mental health promotion.
以往关于生活方式行为与健康之间关联的研究主要集中在发病率、死亡率和疾病预防上。现在应该更加关注生活方式行为与幸福感等积极健康结果之间的关系。本研究旨在对中国高龄老人的健康生活方式进行分类，并评估健康生活方式对中国高龄老人主观幸福感的影响方式。
通过分析 2014 年中国长寿纵向研究（CLHLS），采用潜在类别分析识别 85 至 105 岁中国高龄老人的主要健康生活方式。采用普通最小二乘法（OLS）回归模型，在调整社会人口统计学特征的基础上，评估健康生活方式对中国高龄老人主观幸福感的影响。
研究结果显示，存在四种不同的健康生活方式类别。健康生活方式与中国高龄老人的主观幸福感密切相关，即使在控制了人口特征、个体和父母的社会经济劣势等因素后也是如此。研究结果表明，健康的生活方式行为可以激发中国高龄老人的积极情绪，从而提高评价性主观幸福感。相反，不健康的生活方式行为可能是负面情绪的预测因素。
回归结果强调了将健康生活方式选择纳入促进高龄老人心理健康的重要性。老年人可以在日常生活中采取更健康的生活方式，降低心理健康问题的风险。应将健康生活方式的实践纳入心理健康促进计划中。
