Chemnad Khansa, Aziz Maryam, Belhaouari Samir Brahim, Ali Raian
College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar.
Heliyon. 2023 Apr 24;9(5):e15745. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15745. eCollection 2023 May.
The study aims to identify typical interplay between the use of social media apps on smartphones and Problematic Internet Usage (PIU).
Our study utilizes data from a smartphone app that objectively monitors user usage, including the apps used and the start and finish times of each app session. This study included 334 participants who declared a need to be aware of their smartphone usage and control it. Problematic Internet Usage (PIU) was measured using the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire-Short Form-6 (PIUQ-SF6). The total PIU score can range from 6 to 30, with a score above 15 indicating that a person is at risk of PIU. Time spent on Social Media (SM) apps of Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram, and whether people used each of these apps were studied along with the total PIU score. K-Prototype clustering was utilized for the analysis.
Four distinct clusters, typifying the relationship between social media use and PIU, were identified. All the individuals in Cluster 1 ( Cluster size = 270, 80.84% of total dataset) spent between 0 and 109.01 min on Instagram, between 0 and 69.84 min on Facebook, and between 0 and 86.42 min on WhatsApp and its median PIU score was 17. Those who were in cluster 2 ( = 23, 6.89% of total dataset) all used Instagram, and each member spent between 110 and 307.63 min on Instagram daily. The cluster median PIU score and average daily usage of Instagram were respectively 20 and 159.66 min. Those who were in Cluster 3 ( = 19, 5.69% of total dataset) all used WhatsApp, and spent between 76.68 and 225.22 min on WhatsApp daily. The cluster median PIU score and average time spent per day on WhatsApp were 20 and 132.65 min, respectively. Those who were in Cluster 4 ( Cluster; (Cluster size = 22, 6.59% of total dataset) all used Facebook, and each spent between 73.09 and 272.85 min daily on Facebook. The cluster median PIU score and average time spent per day on Facebook were 18 and 133.61 min respectively.
The clusters indicate that those who use a particular social media app spend significantly less time on other social media apps. This indicates that problematic attachment to social media occurs primarily for one of three reasons: visual content and reels, conversations with peers, or surfing network content and news. This finding will help tailor interventions to fit each cluster, for example by strengthening interpersonal skills and resistance to peer pressure in the case of Cluster 3 and increasing impulse control in the case of Cluster 2.
本研究旨在确定智能手机上社交媒体应用的使用与网络使用问题（PIU）之间的典型相互作用。
我们的研究利用了一款智能手机应用程序的数据，该程序客观地监测用户的使用情况，包括使用的应用程序以及每个应用程序会话的开始和结束时间。本研究包括334名宣称需要了解并控制自己智能手机使用情况的参与者。使用网络使用问题问卷简表6（PIUQ-SF6）来测量网络使用问题（PIU）。PIU总分范围为6至30分，得分高于15分表明一个人有PIU风险。研究了在脸书、WhatsApp和照片墙等社交媒体（SM）应用上花费的时间，以及人们是否使用这些应用中的每一个，并将其与PIU总分进行关联分析。采用K-原型聚类分析。
识别出了四个不同的聚类，代表了社交媒体使用与PIU之间的关系。聚类1中的所有个体（聚类大小=270，占总数据集的80.84%）在照片墙上花费的时间为0至109.01分钟，在脸书上花费的时间为0至69.84分钟，在WhatsApp上花费的时间为0至86.42分钟，其PIU中位数得分为17分。聚类2中的个体（=23，占总数据集的6.89%）都使用照片墙，且每个成员每天在照片墙上花费的时间为110至307.63分钟。该聚类的PIU中位数得分和照片墙的日均使用时间分别为20分和159.66分钟。聚类3中的个体（=19，占总数据集的5.69%）都使用WhatsApp，且每天在WhatsApp上花费的时间为76.68至225.22分钟。该聚类的PIU中位数得分和每天在WhatsApp上花费的平均时间分别为20分和132.65分钟。聚类4中的个体（聚类大小=22，占总数据集的6.59%）都使用脸书，且每人每天在脸书上花费的时间为73.09至272.85分钟。该聚类的PIU中位数得分和每天在脸书上花费的平均时间分别为18分和133.61分钟。
聚类结果表明，使用特定社交媒体应用的人在其他社交媒体应用上花费的时间显著减少。这表明对社交媒体的问题性依恋主要有三个原因之一：视觉内容和短视频、与同伴的对话，或浏览网络内容和新闻。这一发现将有助于针对每个聚类量身定制干预措施，例如在聚类3的情况下加强人际交往能力和抵抗同伴压力的能力，在聚类2的情况下增强冲动控制能力。
