Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación en Medio Ambiente y Ciencia Marina (IMEDMAR-UCV), c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Aug 15;886:164013. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164013. Epub 2023 May 9.
In the present study, an ecotoxicological approach to the evaluation of the insecticide Pyriproxifen in the crustacean Daphnia magna was done. Acute toxicity tests (48 h), feeding behavior test (5 h) and chronic toxicity test (21 days) were carried out on a parental daphnid generation (F0). Pyriproxifen D. magna EC value in our experimental conditions was 336.47 μg/L. Based on this result, sublethal test concentrations were selected for the feeding study and the F0 chronic experiment. Filtration and ingestion rates of D. magna exposed animals did not show any significant difference respect to control daphnids. However, daphnids from the parental F0 generation when exposed to the insecticide during 21 days showed a decreased in all the reproductive parameters tested (mean total neonates per female, mean brood size, time to first brood, and mean number of broods per female) as well as in the population statistic growth rate (r), although survival was not affected. On the other hand, offspring from F0 females exposed to the highest Pyriproxifen concentration (14.02 μg/L) were separated in two F1 generation experiments. One group was transferred during 21 days to a medium free of toxicant (F1 generation-TC group) while the other group was exposed during 21 days to the same insecticide concentration as their mothers (14.02 μg/L) (F1 generation-TT group). Results from both experiments determined a decreased in most of the reproductive parameters which was higher in the F1-TT group, although some of them were recovered in the F1-TC group. On the other hand, the morphological analysis of the daphnids showed that the coloration pattern was altered in the daphnids exposed to the insecticide, together with a significant size decreased, and neonates from F0 progeny with the same morphological abnormality. Finally, we determined that the insecticide caused the appearance of males among the offspring generated by the F.
本研究采用生态毒理学方法评估杀虫剂吡丙醚对大型溞（Daphnia magna）的毒性。对亲代一代（F0）进行急性毒性试验（48 小时）、摄食行为试验（5 小时）和慢性毒性试验（21 天）。在我们的实验条件下，吡丙醚对大型溞的 EC 值为 336.47μg/L。基于这一结果，选择亚致死试验浓度进行摄食研究和 F0 慢性试验。暴露于杀虫剂的大型溞的滤食和摄食率与对照大型溞相比没有任何显著差异。然而，在 21 天的暴露期内，亲代 F0 代的大型溞的所有繁殖参数（每雌平均总幼体数、平均窝仔数、首次产卵时间和每雌平均窝数）以及种群统计增长率（r）均降低，尽管存活率没有受到影响。另一方面，暴露于最高吡丙醚浓度（14.02μg/L）的 F0 代雌性的后代在两个 F1 代实验中被分开。一组在 21 天内转移到不含毒物的培养基中（F1 代-TC 组），另一组在 21 天内暴露于与其母亲相同的杀虫剂浓度（14.02μg/L）（F1 代-TT 组）。这两个实验的结果均表明，大多数繁殖参数都降低了，F1-TT 组的降低幅度更大，尽管 F1-TC 组的一些参数有所恢复。另一方面，大型溞的形态分析表明，暴露于杀虫剂的大型溞的着色模式发生了改变，同时体型显著减小，且 F0 后代的幼体也出现了相同的形态异常。最后，我们确定杀虫剂导致 F 代后代中出现雄性个体。
