College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
J Clin Nurs. 2023 Sep;32(17-18):6136-6164. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16746. Epub 2023 May 11.
To systematically identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative studies investigating Registered Nurse students' (RNS) experiences of workplace violence (WPV) while on clinical placement. It is expected that the literature review findings will guide the development of targeted programs and policies to address WPV against RNS.
WPV affects RNS during clinical placements as they are vulnerable to violence due to their limited experience and skills to challenge abusive behaviour. In this review, RNS are students enrolled in a Bachelor of Nursing program to become registered nurses and exclude students who are enrolled in nursing program that does not lead to registration as a registered nurse. For example, enrolled in nursing programs and postgraduate nursing programs. RNS are chosen for their scope of practice and the training requirements. RNS reported experiencing WPV mainly from colleagues, staff, teachers, doctors and supervisors, which resulted in leaving nursing practice, impacting students' progression and healthcare systems. This review examines all types of violence RNS face irrespective of the abuser.
A qualitative systematic review of existing literature was conducted through a comprehensive database search of eight databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central and ProQuest. Furthermore, reference lists of included studies were searched to identify further research. English language qualitative primary studies of any study design were searched from inception to 6th June 2022 and included if they met the inclusion criteria. Double review process utilised from screening until data synthesis reported according to PRISMA. JBI critical appraisal tools were used to assess the studies, and data extraction utilised JBI QARI tool and screened for credibility and confidence in findings.
A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the studies were conducted in nine countries. Five main themes relating to RNS experiences of WPV while on clinical placement were identified, including: 'Types of workplace violence', 'Perpetrators', 'Causes', 'Consequences' and 'Management of workplace violence'.
This qualitative systematic review provides new and significant knowledge in understanding the phenomenon of WPV experienced by RNS while on clinical placement.
This review highlights the unwillingness of RNS to reach out to instructors or clinical placement leaders in many situations and identifies avenues of support and awareness that are crucial to empower and enabling students to seek support.
系统地识别、评价和综合定性研究，调查注册护士学生（RNS）在临床实习期间遭受工作场所暴力（WPV）的经历。预计文献综述的结果将指导制定有针对性的计划和政策，以解决针对 RNS 的 WPV 问题。
RNS 在临床实习期间容易遭受 WPV，因为他们的经验和技能有限，无法挑战虐待行为，因此他们很容易成为受害者。在本次综述中，RNS 是指注册护士课程的学生，目的是成为注册护士，不包括注册护士课程的学生，这些课程不会导致注册为注册护士。例如，注册护士课程和研究生护理课程。选择 RNS 是因为他们的实践范围和培训要求。RNS 报告主要遭受来自同事、工作人员、教师、医生和主管的 WPV，这导致他们离开护理实践，影响学生的进步和医疗保健系统。本综述考察了 RNS 面临的所有类型的暴力，无论施虐者是谁。
通过对 8 个数据库（MEDLINE、CINAHL、Web of Science、Scopus、Embase、Cochrane Central 和 ProQuest）的全面数据库搜索，对现有文献进行了定性系统评价。此外，还对纳入研究的参考文献进行了搜索，以确定进一步的研究。从研究开始到 2022 年 6 月 6 日，以英语发表的任何研究设计的定性原始研究都被检索，并纳入符合纳入标准的研究。采用双重审查程序，从筛选到数据综合报告均按照 PRISMA 进行。使用 JBI 批判性评估工具评估研究，使用 JBI QARI 工具进行数据提取，并对研究结果的可信度和信心进行筛选。
共有 18 项研究符合纳入标准，研究在 9 个国家进行。确定了与 RNS 在临床实习期间遭受 WPV 相关的 5 个主要主题，包括：“工作场所暴力的类型”、“施虐者”、“原因”、“后果”和“工作场所暴力的管理”。
这项定性系统综述提供了关于 RNS 在临床实习期间遭受 WPV 的现象的新的和重要的知识。
本综述强调了 RNS 在许多情况下不愿意向指导员或临床实习负责人求助，并确定了支持和意识的途径，这对于赋予学生权力并使他们能够寻求支持至关重要。
