Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2661:7-21. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3171-3_2.
The ribosome is among the most complex and ancient cellular macromolecular assemblies that plays a central role in protein biosynthesis in all living cells. Its function of translation of genetic information encoded in messenger RNA into protein molecules also extends to subcellular compartments in eukaryotic cells such as apicoplasts, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. The origin of mitochondria is primarily attributed to an early endosymbiotic event between an alpha-proteobacterium and a primitive (archaeal) eukaryotic cell. The timeline of mitochondrial acquisition, the nature of the host, and their diversification have been studied in great detail and are continually being revised as more genomic and structural data emerge. Recent advancements in high-resolution cryo-EM structure determination have provided architectural details of mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) from various species, revealing unprecedented diversifications among them. These structures provide novel insights into the evolution of mitoribosomal structure and function. Here, we present a brief overview of the existing mitoribosomal structures in the context of the eukaryotic evolution tree showing their diversification from their last common ancestor.
核糖体是最复杂和古老的细胞大分子组装体之一，在所有活细胞的蛋白质生物合成中发挥着核心作用。它将信使 RNA 中编码的遗传信息翻译成蛋白质分子的功能也延伸到真核细胞的亚细胞区室，如质体、叶绿体和线粒体。线粒体的起源主要归因于α-变形菌和原始（古菌）真核细胞之间的早期内共生事件。线粒体的获得时间、宿主的性质及其多样化已经被详细研究，并随着更多基因组和结构数据的出现而不断修订。最近在高分辨率冷冻电镜结构测定方面的进展提供了来自各种物种的线粒体核糖体（线粒体核糖体）的结构细节，揭示了它们之间前所未有的多样化。这些结构为线粒体核糖体结构和功能的进化提供了新的见解。在这里，我们在真核生物进化树的背景下简要概述了现有的线粒体核糖体结构，展示了它们从最后一个共同祖先开始的多样化。
