MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 May 12;72(19):523-528. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7219e1.
On January 31, 2020, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) declared, under Section 319 of the Public Health Service Act, a U.S. public health emergency because of the emergence of a novel virus, SARS-CoV-2.* After 13 renewals, the public health emergency will expire on May 11, 2023. Authorizations to collect certain public health data will expire on that date as well. Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of prevention and control strategies remains a public health priority, and a number of surveillance indicators have been identified to facilitate ongoing monitoring. After expiration of the public health emergency, COVID-19-associated hospital admission levels will be the primary indicator of COVID-19 trends to help guide community and personal decisions related to risk and prevention behaviors; the percentage of COVID-19-associated deaths among all reported deaths, based on provisional death certificate data, will be the primary indicator used to monitor COVID-19 mortality. Emergency department (ED) visits with a COVID-19 diagnosis and the percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, derived from an established sentinel network, will help detect early changes in trends. National genomic surveillance will continue to be used to estimate SARS-CoV-2 variant proportions; wastewater surveillance and traveler-based genomic surveillance will also continue to be used to monitor SARS-CoV-2 variants. Disease severity and hospitalization-related outcomes are monitored via sentinel surveillance and large health care databases. Monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination coverage, vaccine effectiveness (VE), and vaccine safety will also continue. Integrated strategies for surveillance of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses can further guide prevention efforts. COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and deaths are largely preventable through receipt of updated vaccines and timely administration of therapeutics (1-4).
2020 年 1 月 31 日，美国卫生与公众服务部（HHS）根据《公共卫生服务法》第 319 条宣布，由于新型病毒 SARS-CoV-2 的出现，美国进入公共卫生紧急状态。*在 13 次续签后，公共卫生紧急状态将于 2023 年 5 月 11 日到期。同日，收集某些公共卫生数据的授权也将到期。监测 COVID-19 的影响以及预防和控制策略的有效性仍然是公共卫生的重点，已经确定了一些监测指标来促进持续监测。公共卫生紧急状态到期后，与 COVID-19 相关的住院水平将成为 COVID-19 趋势的主要指标，以帮助指导与风险和预防行为相关的社区和个人决策；根据临时死亡证明数据，COVID-19 相关死亡人数占所有报告死亡人数的百分比将成为监测 COVID-19 死亡率的主要指标。基于既定的哨点网络，带有 COVID-19 诊断的急诊科就诊和 SARS-CoV-2 检测阳性率的百分比将有助于检测趋势的早期变化。国家基因组监测将继续用于估计 SARS-CoV-2 变体比例；污水监测和旅行者基因组监测也将继续用于监测 SARS-CoV-2 变体。通过哨点监测和大型医疗保健数据库监测疾病严重程度和与住院相关的结果。还将继续监测 COVID-19 疫苗接种覆盖率、疫苗有效性（VE）和疫苗安全性。COVID-19 和其他呼吸道病毒监测的综合策略也将进一步指导预防工作。通过接种最新疫苗和及时使用治疗药物，很大程度上可以预防 COVID-19 相关的住院和死亡（1-4）。
