Successful treatment of plaque depends on early diagnosis, institution of effective antibiotics (streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline or gentamicin) and adequate supportive care. To reduce mortality, therapy should be started in patients suspected of having plague while diagnostic procedures are under way. If persons with acute febrile illness (especially regional lymphadenitis) have been in plague-endemic areas within the week preceding the onset of illness, the diagnosis of plague should be considered.
鼠疫的成功治疗取决于早期诊断、使用有效的抗生素（链霉素、氯霉素、四环素或庆大霉素）以及充分的支持性护理。为降低死亡率，在进行诊断程序的同时，应立即对疑似鼠疫患者开始治疗。如果急性发热性疾病（尤其是局部淋巴结炎）患者在发病前一周内曾去过鼠疫流行地区，则应考虑鼠疫的诊断。
