Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006, Katowice, Poland.
Da Vinci's International School, 4C Pilotów Street, Kraków, Poland.
Top Curr Chem (Cham). 2023 May 11;381(4):16. doi: 10.1007/s41061-023-00426-9.
Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the most crucial neurotransmitters of the cholinergic system found in vertebrates and invertebrates and is responsible for many processes in living organisms. Disturbances in ACh transmission are closely related to dementia in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. ACh in biological samples is most often determined using chromatographic techniques, radioenzymatic assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or potentiometric methods. An alternative way to detect and determine acetylcholine is applying spectroscopic techniques, due to low limits of detection and quantification, which is not possible with the methods mentioned above. In this review article, we described a detailed overview of different spectroscopic methods used to determine ACh with a collection of validation parameters as a perspective tool for routine analysis, especially in basic research on animal models on central nervous system. In addition, there is a discussion of examples of other biological materials from clinical and preclinical studies to give the whole spectrum of spectroscopic methods application. Descriptions of the developed chemical sensors, as well as the use of flow technology, were also presented. It is worth emphasizing the inclusion in the article of multi-component analysis referring to other neurotransmitters, as well as the description of the tested biological samples and extraction procedures. The motivation to use spectroscopic techniques to conduct this type of analysis and future perspectives in this field are briefly discussed.
乙酰胆碱（ACh）是脊椎动物和无脊椎动物胆碱能系统中最重要的神经递质之一，负责生物体的许多过程。ACh 传递的紊乱与阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病中的痴呆密切相关。生物样本中的 ACh 通常使用色谱技术、放射性酶测定法、酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）或电位测定法来确定。检测和确定乙酰胆碱的另一种方法是应用光谱技术，由于检测限和定量限低，这是上述方法不可能做到的。在这篇综述文章中，我们详细描述了用于确定 ACh 的不同光谱方法，收集了验证参数作为常规分析的透视工具，特别是在中枢神经系统动物模型的基础研究中。此外，还讨论了来自临床前和临床研究的其他生物材料的示例，以展示光谱方法应用的全貌。还介绍了开发的化学传感器的描述，以及流动技术的使用。值得强调的是，本文包括了涉及其他神经递质的多组分分析的纳入，以及对测试生物样本和提取程序的描述。简要讨论了使用光谱技术进行此类分析的动机以及该领域的未来展望。
