Ahmed Noorya Yasmin, Knowles Rhys, Dehorter Nathalie
Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2019 Aug 27;12:204. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00204. eCollection 2019.
Cholinergic neurons comprise a small population of cells in the striatum but have fundamental roles in fine tuning brain function, and in the etiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or schizophrenia. The process of developmental cell specification underlying neuronal identity and function is an area of great current interest. There has been significant progress in identifying the developmental origins, commonalities in molecular markers, and physiological properties of the cholinergic neurons. Currently, we are aware of a number of key factors that promote cholinergic fate during development. However, the extent of cholinergic cell diversity is still largely underestimated. New insights into the biological basis of their specification indicate that cholinergic neurons may be far more diverse than previously thought. This review article, highlights the physiological features and the synaptic properties that segregate cholinergic cell subtypes. It provides an accurate picture of cholinergic cell diversity underlying their organization and function in neuronal networks. This review article, also discusses current challenges in deciphering the logic of the cholinergic cell heterogeneity that plays a fundamental role in the control of neural processes in health and disease.
胆碱能神经元在纹状体中占细胞总数的比例较小，但在精细调节脑功能以及在诸如帕金森病（PD）或精神分裂症等神经和精神疾病的病因学中发挥着重要作用。神经元身份和功能背后的发育细胞特化过程是当前备受关注的领域。在确定胆碱能神经元的发育起源、分子标记的共性以及生理特性方面已经取得了重大进展。目前，我们已经了解到一些在发育过程中促进胆碱能命运的关键因素。然而，胆碱能细胞多样性的程度仍然在很大程度上被低估。对其特化生物学基础的新见解表明，胆碱能神经元可能比以前认为的更加多样化。这篇综述文章重点介绍了区分胆碱能细胞亚型的生理特征和突触特性。它提供了一幅关于胆碱能细胞多样性在神经网络中的组织和功能基础的准确图景。这篇综述文章还讨论了在解读胆碱能细胞异质性逻辑方面目前面临的挑战，这种异质性在健康和疾病状态下神经过程的控制中起着基础性作用。
