Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biological Sciences, and Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2540064, Chile.
Cells. 2023 Apr 22;12(9):1215. doi: 10.3390/cells12091215.
Tissue regeneration capabilities vary significantly throughout an organism's lifespan. For example, mammals can fully regenerate until they reach specific developmental stages, after which they can only repair the tissue without restoring its original architecture and function. The high regenerative potential of fetal stages has been attributed to various factors, such as stem cells, the immune system, specific growth factors, and the presence of extracellular matrix molecules upon damage. To better understand the local differences between regenerative and reparative tissues, we conducted a comparative analysis of skin derived from mice at regenerative and reparative stages. Our findings show that both types of skin differ in their molecular composition, structure, and functionality. We observed a significant increase in cellular density, nucleic acid content, neutral lipid density, Collagen III, and glycosaminoglycans in regenerative skin compared with reparative skin. Additionally, regenerative skin had significantly higher porosity, metabolic activity, water absorption capacity, and elasticity than reparative skin. Finally, our results also revealed significant differences in lipid distribution, extracellular matrix pore size, and proteoglycans between the two groups. This study provides comprehensive data on the molecular and structural clues that enable full tissue regeneration in fetal stages, which could aid in developing new biomaterials and strategies for tissue engineering and regeneration.
组织再生能力在生物体的整个生命周期中差异显著。例如，哺乳动物可以在达到特定的发育阶段之前完全再生，之后它们只能修复组织，而无法恢复其原始结构和功能。胎儿阶段的高再生潜能归因于多种因素，如干细胞、免疫系统、特定的生长因子以及损伤时细胞外基质分子的存在。为了更好地理解再生和修复组织之间的局部差异，我们对处于再生和修复阶段的小鼠皮肤进行了比较分析。我们的研究结果表明，这两种类型的皮肤在分子组成、结构和功能上存在差异。与修复性皮肤相比，再生性皮肤中的细胞密度、核酸含量、中性脂质密度、III 型胶原蛋白和糖胺聚糖显著增加。此外，再生性皮肤的孔隙率、代谢活性、吸水性和弹性均显著高于修复性皮肤。最后，我们的结果还揭示了两组之间脂质分布、细胞外基质孔大小和蛋白聚糖的显著差异。这项研究提供了关于胎儿阶段实现完全组织再生的分子和结构线索的综合数据，这可能有助于开发新的生物材料和组织工程与再生策略。
