Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 5;24(9):8307. doi: 10.3390/ijms24098307.
Among FOS-related components of the dimeric AP-1 transcription factor, the oncoprotein FRA-1 (encoded by ) is a key regulator of invasion and metastasis. The well-established FRA-1 pro-invasive activity in breast cancer, in which is overexpressed in the TNBC (Triple Negative Breast Cancer)/basal subtypes, correlates with the FRA-1-dependent transcriptional regulation of EMT (Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition). After summarizing the major findings on FRA-1 in breast cancer invasiveness, we discuss the FRA-1 mechanistic links with EMT and cancer cell stemness, mediated by transcriptional and posttranscriptional interactions between /FRA-1 and EMT-regulating transcription factors, miRNAs, RNA binding proteins and cytokines, along with other target genes involved in EMT. In addition to the FRA-1/AP-1 effects on the architecture of target promoters, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic significance of the EMT-related FRA-1 transcriptome, along with therapeutic implications. Finally, we consider several novel perspectives regarding the less explored roles of FRA-1 in the tumor microenvironment and in control of the recently characterized hybrid EMT correlated with cancer cell plasticity, stemness, and metastatic potential. We will also examine the application of emerging technologies, such as single-cell analyses, along with animal models of TNBC and tumor-derived CTCs and PDXs (Circulating Tumor Cells and Patient-Derived Xenografts) for studying the FRA-1-mediated mechanisms in in vivo systems of EMT and metastasis.
在二聚体 AP-1 转录因子的 FOS 相关成分中,癌蛋白 FRA-1(由 编码)是侵袭和转移的关键调节因子。在乳腺癌中,FRA-1 具有明确的促侵袭活性,在 TNBC(三阴性乳腺癌)/基底亚型中过表达,与 FRA-1 依赖性 EMT(上皮-间充质转化)转录调控相关。在总结了 FRA-1 在乳腺癌侵袭性中的主要发现后,我们讨论了 FRA-1 与 EMT 和癌细胞干性的机制联系,这是通过 /FRA-1 与 EMT 调节转录因子、miRNA、RNA 结合蛋白和细胞因子之间的转录和转录后相互作用介导的,以及 EMT 涉及的其他靶基因。除了 FRA-1/AP-1 对靶启动子结构的影响外,我们还讨论了 EMT 相关 FRA-1 转录组的诊断和预后意义,以及治疗意义。最后,我们考虑了关于 FRA-1 在肿瘤微环境中以及在控制最近描述的与癌细胞可塑性、干性和转移潜力相关的混合 EMT 方面的一些较少探索的作用的几个新观点。我们还将研究新兴技术的应用,例如单细胞分析,以及 TNBC 动物模型和肿瘤衍生的循环肿瘤细胞 (CTC) 和患者来源的异种移植 (PDX),以研究 EMT 和转移的体内系统中的 FRA-1 介导机制。
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