Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Street, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 6;24(9):8383. doi: 10.3390/ijms24098383.
Industrial production generates aerosols of complex composition, including an ultrafine fraction. This is typical for mining and metallurgical industries, welding processes, and the production and recycling of electronics, batteries, etc. Since nano-sized particles are the most dangerous component of inhaled air, in this study we aimed to establish the impact of the chemical nature and dose of nanoparticles on their cytotoxicity. Suspensions of CuO, PbO, CdO, FeO, NiO, SiO, MnO, and SeO nanoparticles were obtained by laser ablation. The experiments were conducted on outbred female albino rats. We carried out four series of a single intratracheal instillation of nanoparticles of different chemical natures at doses ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 mg per animal. Bronchoalveolar lavage was taken 24 h after the injection to assess its cytological and biochemical parameters. At a dose of 0.5 mg per animal, cytotoxicity in the series of nanoparticles changed as follows (in decreasing order): CuO NPs > PbO NPs > CdO NPs > NiO NPs > SiO NPs > FeO NPs. At a lower dose of 0.25 mg per animal, we observed a different pattern of cytotoxicity of the element oxides under study: NiO NPs > MnO NPs > CuO NPs > SeO NPs. We established that the cytotoxicity increased non-linearly with the increase in the dose of nanoparticles of the same chemical element (from 0 to 0.5 mg per animal). An increase in the levels of intracellular enzymes (amylase, AST, ALT, LDH) in the supernatant of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid indicated a cytotoxic effect of nanoparticles. Thus, alterations in the cytological parameters of the bronchoalveolar lavage and the biochemical characteristics of the supernatant can be used to predict the danger of new nanomaterials based on their comparative assessment with the available tested samples of nanoparticles.
工业生产会产生成分复杂的气溶胶，其中包括超细颗粒。这在采矿业和冶金业、焊接工艺以及电子产品、电池等的生产和回收中尤为典型。由于纳米级颗粒是吸入空气中最危险的成分，因此在这项研究中，我们旨在确定纳米颗粒的化学性质和剂量对其细胞毒性的影响。通过激光烧蚀获得了 CuO、PbO、CdO、FeO、NiO、SiO、MnO 和 SeO 纳米颗粒的悬浮液。实验在杂交雌性白化大鼠上进行。我们进行了四组不同化学性质的纳米颗粒的单次气管内滴注，剂量范围为每只动物 0.2 至 0.5 毫克。注射后 24 小时进行支气管肺泡灌洗，以评估其细胞学和生物化学参数。在每只动物 0.5 毫克的剂量下，纳米颗粒系列的细胞毒性变化如下（按降序排列）：CuO NPs > PbO NPs > CdO NPs > NiO NPs > SiO NPs > FeO NPs。在每只动物 0.25 毫克的较低剂量下，我们观察到研究中元素氧化物的细胞毒性呈现出不同的模式：NiO NPs > MnO NPs > CuO NPs > SeO NPs。我们确定，相同化学元素的纳米颗粒剂量增加时，细胞毒性呈非线性增加（从 0 增加到每只动物 0.5 毫克）。支气管肺泡灌洗液上清液中细胞内酶（淀粉酶、AST、ALT、LDH）水平的升高表明纳米颗粒具有细胞毒性。因此，支气管肺泡灌洗的细胞参数变化和上清液的生化特征可用于预测新纳米材料的危险程度，方法是将其与现有经过测试的纳米颗粒样本进行比较评估。
