Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 20;808:152010. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152010. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Understanding the algal toxicity of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in aquatic systems by considering SeNPs physicochemical properties and environmental media characteristics is a concern of high importance for the evaluation and prediction of risk assessment. In this study, chitosan (CS) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coated SeNPs are considered using Lake Geneva water and a Waris-H cell culture medium to investigate the effect of SeNPs on the toxicity of algae Poterioochromonas malhamensis, a widespread mixotrophic flagellate. The influence of surface coating, z-average diameters, ζ-potentials, aggregation behavior, ions release, and medium properties on the toxicity of SeNPs to algae P. malhamensi was investigated. It is found that SeNPs are 5-10 times more toxic in Lake Geneva water compared to the culture medium, suggesting that the traditional algal tests in Waris-H culture medium currently underestimate the toxicity of NPs in a natural water environment. Despite significant dissolution, it is also found that SeNPs themselves are the toxicity driver, and dissolved ions have only a marginal influence on toxicity. SeNPs diameter is found a minor factor in toxicity. Based on a principal component analysis (PCA) it is found that in Lake Geneva water, the nature of the surface coating (CMC versus CS) is the most influential factor controlling the toxicity of SeNPs. In the culture medium, surface coating, ζ-potential, and aggregation are found to contribute at the same level. These results highlight the importance of considering in details both NPs intrinsic and media properties in the evaluation of NPs biological effects.
考虑到硒纳米粒子（SeNPs）的物理化学性质和环境介质特性，了解其在水生系统中的藻类毒性，对于评估和预测风险评估具有非常重要的意义。在这项研究中，使用日内瓦湖水和 Waris-H 细胞培养基来研究 SeNPs 对广泛分布的混合营养鞭毛虫 Poterioochromonas malhamensis 藻类毒性的影响，考虑了壳聚糖（CS）和羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）包覆的 SeNPs。研究了表面涂层、z 均粒径、ζ 电位、聚集行为、离子释放和介质特性对 SeNPs 对藻类 P. malhamensi 毒性的影响。结果发现，与培养基相比，SeNPs 在日内瓦湖水中的毒性要高 5-10 倍，这表明目前在 Waris-H 培养基中进行的传统藻类测试可能低估了 NPs 在自然水环境中的毒性。尽管有大量的溶解，但研究还发现，SeNPs 本身是毒性的驱动因素，而溶解的离子对毒性只有很小的影响。SeNPs 的直径是毒性的一个次要因素。基于主成分分析（PCA）发现，在日内瓦湖水中，表面涂层的性质（CMC 与 CS）是控制 SeNPs 毒性的最具影响力的因素。在培养基中，表面涂层、ζ 电位和聚集都被发现具有同等的贡献。这些结果强调了在评估 NPs 生物效应时，详细考虑 NPs 固有特性和介质特性的重要性。
