Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen 518107, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China.
Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), Bilbao 48011, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Trends Neurosci. 2023 Jul;46(7):581-596. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.04.003. Epub 2023 May 12.
Adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (aOPCs), transformed from fetal OPCs, are idiosyncratic neuroglia of the central nervous system (CNS) that are distinct in many ways from other glial cells. OPCs have been classically studied in the context of their remyelinating capacity. Recent studies, however, revealed that aOPCs not only contribute to post-lesional remyelination but also play diverse crucial roles in multiple neurological diseases. In this review we briefly present the physiology of aOPCs and summarize current knowledge of the beneficial and detrimental roles of aOPCs in different CNS diseases. We discuss unique features of aOPC death, reactivity, and changes during senescence, as well as aOPC interactions with other glial cells and pathological remodeling during disease. Finally, we outline future perspectives for the study of aOPCs in brain pathologies which may instigate the development of aOPC-targeting therapeutic strategies.
成体少突胶质前体细胞（aOPC）由胎儿期 OPC 转化而来，是中枢神经系统（CNS）特有的神经胶质细胞，在许多方面与其他神经胶质细胞不同。OPC 一直以来都是在其髓鞘再生能力的背景下进行研究的。然而，最近的研究表明，aOPC 不仅有助于损伤后的髓鞘再生，而且在多种神经疾病中发挥着多样化的关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了 aOPC 的生理学，并总结了目前关于 aOPC 在不同 CNS 疾病中有益和有害作用的知识。我们讨论了 aOPC 死亡、反应性以及衰老过程中的变化等独特特征，以及 aOPC 与其他神经胶质细胞的相互作用和疾病过程中的病理性重塑。最后，我们概述了未来研究 aOPC 在脑病理学中的前景，这可能会促使针对 aOPC 的治疗策略的发展。
