Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jun;30(29):73174-73184. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27578-x. Epub 2023 May 15.
Bisphenol A (BPA) substitutes, such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol AF (BPAF), are increasingly used due to restrictions on BPA usage, a known endocrine disrupting chemical and putative obesogen. However, little is known about the obesogenic effects of exposure to BPA substitutes in children. A total of 426 children aged 7 years old originally recruited from Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort in Shandong, China, during 2010-2013 participated in the 2019-2020 survey. Urinary BPA and its substitutes including BPS, BPAF, bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol Z (BPZ), and bisphenol P (BPP) were determined. Anthropometric measures including height, weight, waist circumference, and body fat percentage were assessed, and overweight/obesity was defined as BMI z-score ≥ 85th percentile. Linear and logistic regressions were used on continuous and binary obesity measures, respectively, and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was further used to estimate the mixture effects of exposure to diverse bisphenols, and sex-stratified analysis was performed. BPA substitutes were widely detected (> 75%) in children's urine samples. A positive association with obesity measures was consistently observed for urinary BPS and BPAF, i.e., BMI z-score, waist circumference, and overweight/obesity. Further analysis from the WQS regression model demonstrated a positive association between bisphenol mixtures and all measures of obesity, with BPAF contributing the greatest weighing to the observed associations. Sex difference might exist as the positive associations were only significant in boys. No significant association was found between obesity and BPA or other BPA substitutes. Our study adds to mounting evidence that BPA substitutes BPS and BPAF are linked to obesity in children, especially in boys. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample size with continued biomonitoring these chemicals and their obesogenic effects are necessary.
双酚 A（BPA）替代品，如双酚 S（BPS）和双酚 AF（BPAF），由于 BPA 使用限制，作为一种已知的内分泌干扰化学物质和潜在的肥胖物，其使用越来越广泛。然而，对于儿童接触 BPA 替代品的肥胖影响知之甚少。共有 426 名 7 岁儿童最初于 2010-2013 年在山东莱州湾出生队列中招募，参加了 2019-2020 年的调查。测定了尿中 BPA 及其替代品，包括 BPS、BPAF、双酚 B（BPB）、双酚 AP（BPAP）、双酚 Z（BPZ）和双酚 P（BPP）。评估了身高、体重、腰围和体脂百分比等人体测量指标，并将超重/肥胖定义为 BMI z 分数≥85 百分位。线性和逻辑回归分别用于连续和二项肥胖指标，进一步使用加权分位数总和（WQS）回归来估计接触多种双酚的混合效应，并进行了性别分层分析。BPA 替代品在儿童尿液样本中广泛检出（>75%）。尿液 BPS 和 BPAF 与肥胖指标呈正相关，即 BMI z 分数、腰围和超重/肥胖。来自 WQS 回归模型的进一步分析表明，双酚混合物与所有肥胖指标之间存在正相关，BPAF 对观察到的相关性贡献最大。性别差异可能存在，因为仅在男孩中观察到正相关。肥胖与 BPA 或其他 BPA 替代品之间未发现显著关联。本研究增加了越来越多的证据，表明 BPA 替代品 BPS 和 BPAF 与儿童肥胖有关，尤其是男孩。需要进一步进行具有更大样本量的纵向研究，继续对这些化学物质及其肥胖效应进行生物监测。
