Di Stadio Arianna, Cantone Elena, De Luca Pietro, Di Nola Claudio, Massimilla Eva A, Motta Giovanni, La Mantia Ignazio, Motta Gaetano
Department GF Ingrassia, Otolaryngology Unit, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy.
Department of Otolaryngology, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2023 Apr 6;11(4):1109. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11041109.
During COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians have had to deal with an ever-increasing number of cases of olfactory disturbances after SARS-CoV-2 infections and in some people this problem persisted for long time after negativization from virus. This a prospective randomized controlled trial aims at evaluating the efficacy of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and Luteolin (LUT) (umPEA-LUT) and olfactory training (OT) compared to OT alone for the treatment of smell disorders in Italian post-COVID population. We included patients with smell loss and parosmia who were randomized and assigned to Group 1 (intervention group; daily treatment with umPEA-LUT oral supplement and OT) or Group 2 (control group; daily treatment with placebo and OT). All subjects were treated for 90 consecutive days. The Sniffin' Sticks identification test was used to assess the olfactory functions at the baseline (T0) and the end of the treatment (T1). Patients were queried regarding any perception of altered olfaction (parosmia) or aversive smell, such as cacosmia, gasoline-type smell, or otherwise at the same observational points. This study confirmed the efficacy of combination of umPEA-LUT and olfactory training as treatment of quantitative smell alteration COVID-19 related, but the efficacy of the supplement for parosmia was limited. UmpEA-LUT is useful for the treatment of brain neuro-inflammation (origin of quantity smell disorders) but has limited/no effect on peripheral damage (olfactory nerve, neuro-epithelium) that is responsible of quality disorders.
在新冠疫情期间，临床医生不得不应对新冠病毒感染后嗅觉障碍病例不断增加的情况，而且在一些人身上，病毒检测呈阴性后这个问题仍持续很长时间。这项前瞻性随机对照试验旨在评估超微化棕榈酰乙醇胺（PEA）和木犀草素（LUT）（umPEA-LUT）与单纯嗅觉训练（OT）相比，对意大利新冠康复人群嗅觉障碍的治疗效果。我们纳入了嗅觉减退和嗅觉异常的患者，将他们随机分为两组，第1组（干预组；每日服用umPEA-LUT口服补充剂并进行嗅觉训练）和第2组（对照组；每日服用安慰剂并进行嗅觉训练）。所有受试者连续治疗90天。使用嗅觉棒识别测试在基线期（T0）和治疗结束时（T1）评估嗅觉功能。在相同的观察点询问患者是否有嗅觉改变（嗅觉异常）或厌恶气味的感觉，如恶臭、汽油味等。本研究证实了umPEA-LUT与嗅觉训练联合治疗新冠相关定量嗅觉改变的疗效，但该补充剂对嗅觉异常的疗效有限。UmpEA-LUT对治疗脑部神经炎症（定量嗅觉障碍的根源）有用，但对导致定性障碍的外周损伤（嗅神经、神经上皮）作用有限或无作用。
