Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland.
Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
Cells. 2023 Apr 19;12(8):1187. doi: 10.3390/cells12081187.
Mast cells (MCs) are the immune cells distributed throughout nearly all tissues, mainly in the skin, near blood vessels and lymph vessels, nerves, lungs, and the intestines. Although MCs are essential to the healthy immune response, their overactivity and pathological states can lead to numerous health hazards. The side effect of mast cell activity is usually caused by degranulation. It can be triggered by immunological factors, such as immunoglobulins, lymphocytes, or antigen-antibody complexes, and non-immune factors, such as radiation and pathogens. An intensive reaction of mast cells can even lead to anaphylaxis, one of the most life-threatening allergic reactions. What is more, mast cells play a role in the tumor microenvironment by modulating various events of tumor biology, such as cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis. The mechanisms of the mast cell actions are still poorly understood, making it difficult to develop therapies for their pathological condition. This review focuses on the possible therapies targeting mast cell degranulation, anaphylaxis, and MC-derived tumors.
肥大细胞（MCs）是分布于几乎所有组织中的免疫细胞，主要存在于皮肤、血管和淋巴管附近、神经、肺和肠道中。尽管肥大细胞对健康的免疫反应至关重要，但它们的过度活跃和病理状态会导致许多健康危害。肥大细胞活性的副作用通常是脱颗粒引起的。它可以由免疫因素（如免疫球蛋白、淋巴细胞或抗原抗体复合物）和非免疫因素（如辐射和病原体）触发。肥大细胞的强烈反应甚至可能导致过敏反应，这是最危及生命的过敏反应之一。此外，肥大细胞通过调节肿瘤生物学的各种事件，如细胞增殖和存活、血管生成、侵袭和转移，在肿瘤微环境中发挥作用。肥大细胞作用的机制仍知之甚少，这使得针对其病理状况的治疗方法难以开发。本综述重点介绍针对肥大细胞脱颗粒、过敏反应和 MC 衍生肿瘤的可能治疗方法。
