University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, USA.
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
J Prim Care Community Health. 2023 Jan-Dec;14:21501319231171440. doi: 10.1177/21501319231171440.
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: New variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 will continue to develop and spread globally. The Omicron variant identified in November 2021 has many lineages. Variants spread quickly and can infect previously vaccinated individuals, prompting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to update vaccination recommendations. While ~230 million Americans received the initially-recommended vaccine sequence, booster uptake has been much lower; less than half of fully vaccinated individuals report receiving a booster. Racial disparities also mark patterns of COVID-19 vaccination booster uptake. This study explored willingness and motivations to get a COVID-19 booster among a diverse sample of participants. METHODS: We used convenience sampling to recruit participants 18 years of age or older who attended a community vaccine event. We conducted informal interviews during the recommended 15-min post-vaccination wait time with 55 participants who attended vaccine events at Marshallese and Hispanic community locations and comprised the recruitment pool for individual interviews. Using a qualitative descriptive design, we conducted in-depth follow-up interviews with 9 participants (Marshallese n = 5, Hispanic n = 4) to explore willingness and motivations to get boosted. We used rapid thematic template analysis to review informal interview summaries and formal interviews. The research team resolved data discrepancies by consensus. RESULTS: Participants reported high willingness to get boosted, especially if boosters were recommended in the future to protect against serious illness and mitigate the spread of COVID-19. This finding underscores how essential including recommendations to get a COVID-19 booster from trusted sources in health messaging and educational campaigns may be for increasing booster uptake. Participants described their preference for receiving future COVID-19 boosters, reporting that they would attend similar vaccine events, especially those held at faith-based organizations and facilitated by the same community partners, community health workers, and research staff. This finding shows how community engagement can overcome barriers to vaccination (ie, transportation, language, and fear of discrimination) by providing services in preferred community locations with trusted community partners. CONCLUSIONS: Findings document high willingness to get a COVID-19 booster, emphasize the role of recommendations from trusted sources in motivating booster uptake, and highlight the importance of community engagement to address disparities in vaccination coverage and reach.
引言/目的:导致 COVID-19 的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的新变体将继续在全球范围内出现和传播。2021 年 11 月发现的奥密克戎变体有许多谱系。变体传播迅速,并且可以感染以前接种过疫苗的个体,促使疾病控制和预防中心更新疫苗接种建议。虽然有~2.3 亿美国人接种了最初推荐的疫苗序列,但加强针的接种率要低得多;不到一半的完全接种疫苗的人报告接种了加强针。种族差异也标志着 COVID-19 加强针接种率的模式。本研究探讨了在多样化的参与者样本中接种 COVID-19 加强针的意愿和动机。
方法:我们使用便利抽样招募了年龄在 18 岁或以上的参与者,他们参加了社区疫苗接种活动。我们在推荐的 15 分钟疫苗接种后等待时间内,对在马绍尔群岛和西班牙裔社区地点参加疫苗接种活动的 55 名参与者进行了非正式访谈,并组成了个人访谈的招募池。我们使用定性描述设计,对 9 名参与者(马绍尔群岛人 n=5,西班牙裔人 n=4)进行了深入的后续访谈,以探讨接种加强针的意愿和动机。我们使用快速主题模板分析来审查非正式访谈摘要和正式访谈。研究团队通过共识解决数据差异。
结果:参与者报告说他们非常愿意接种加强针,特别是如果未来的加强针建议能够预防严重疾病并减轻 COVID-19 的传播。这一发现强调了在健康信息和教育活动中纳入从值得信赖的来源获得 COVID-19 加强针的建议对于提高加强针接种率的重要性。参与者描述了他们对未来 COVID-19 加强针的偏好,报告说他们将参加类似的疫苗接种活动,特别是那些在信仰组织举行的活动,由相同的社区伙伴、社区卫生工作者和研究人员提供便利。这一发现表明,社区参与可以通过在首选社区地点提供服务并与值得信赖的社区伙伴合作,克服疫苗接种的障碍(即交通、语言和对歧视的恐惧)。
结论:研究结果记录了接种 COVID-19 加强针的强烈意愿,强调了来自值得信赖的来源的建议在激励加强针接种方面的作用,并强调了社区参与在解决疫苗接种覆盖率和覆盖面方面的差距的重要性。
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