Świątkiewicz Maciej, Grieb Paweł
Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Aging Dis. 2023 Aug 1;14(4):1184-1195. doi: 10.14336/AD.2022.0913.
Citicoline is the generic name of CDP-choline, a natural metabolite presents in all living cells. Used in medicine as a drug since the 1980-s, citicoline was recently pronounced a food ingredient. When ingested, citicoline breaks down to cytidine and choline, which become incorporated into their respective normal metabolic pathways. Choline is a precursor of acetylcholine and phospholipids; these is a neurotransmitter pivotal for learning and memory and important constituents of neuronal membranes and myelin sheaths, respectively. Cytidine in humans is readily converted to uridine, which exerts a positive effect on synaptic function and supports the formation of synaptic membranes. Choline deficiency has been found to be correlated with memory dysfunction. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies showed that citicoline intake improves brain uptake of choline in older persons, suggestive of that it shall help in reversing early age-related cognitive changes. In randomized, placebo-controlled trials of cognitively normal middle-aged and elderly persons, positive effects of citicoline on memory efficacy were found. Similar effects of citicoline on memory indices were also found in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment and some other neurological diseases. Altogether, the aforementioned data provide complex and unambiguous evidence supporting the claim that oral citicoline intake positively influences memory function in humans who encounter age-related memory impairment also in the absence of any detectable neurological or psychiatric disease.
胞磷胆碱是胞苷二磷酸胆碱的通用名称，是一种存在于所有活细胞中的天然代谢产物。自20世纪80年代以来，胞磷胆碱作为一种药物用于医学，最近被宣布为一种食品成分。摄入后，胞磷胆碱分解为胞苷和胆碱，它们分别进入各自正常的代谢途径。胆碱是乙酰胆碱和磷脂的前体；乙酰胆碱是一种对学习和记忆至关重要的神经递质，而磷脂分别是神经元膜和髓鞘的重要组成成分。人体内的胞苷很容易转化为尿苷，尿苷对突触功能有积极影响，并支持突触膜的形成。已发现胆碱缺乏与记忆功能障碍有关。磁共振波谱研究表明，摄入胞磷胆碱可改善老年人大脑对胆碱的摄取，这表明它有助于逆转与年龄相关的早期认知变化。在认知正常的中年人和老年人的随机、安慰剂对照试验中，发现胞磷胆碱对记忆效能有积极影响。在患有轻度认知障碍和其他一些神经系统疾病的患者中，也发现了胞磷胆碱对记忆指标的类似影响。总之，上述数据提供了复杂而明确的证据，支持以下观点：口服胞磷胆碱对患有与年龄相关的记忆障碍的人（即使在没有任何可检测到的神经或精神疾病的情况下）的记忆功能有积极影响。
