Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2023 May 17;42(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s41043-023-00385-3.
On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of the infectious disease COVID-19 as a pandemic. The health strategies of nations lead to possible changes in lifestyle and increase poor eating habits. Hence, the purpose of this study is to compare food consumption during COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.
This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the Households Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) conducted annually by the Statistical Centre of Iran. Food cost data of HIES included the amount of all food items in household food baskets during the last month. Then, they were classified into six food groups to evaluate their energy intake. The consequence of food consumption was analyzed as a function of socioeconomic status (SES) variables and residence pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic.
In total, 75,885 households (83.5% male) were included in the study. Among the population of urban and rural areas as well as in different SES categories, people tended to increase the consumption of meat (P < 0.05) and fresh foods, especially vegetable groups (P < 0.001) and decrease the consumption of fruit (P < 0.001), fat and sweets groups (P < 0.05) and also in energy intake (P < 0.05). Macronutrient changes were different in the category of SES, urban and rural.
Our study indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic had different effects on food groups, energy and macronutrients consumption, which could be due to possible changes in food patterns as a result of the pandemic.
2020 年 3 月 11 日，世界卫生组织宣布传染性疾病 COVID-19 爆发为大流行。各国的卫生策略导致生活方式可能发生变化，不良饮食习惯增加。因此，本研究旨在比较 COVID-19 大流行期间伊朗的食物消费情况。
本横断面研究使用了伊朗统计中心每年进行的家庭收入和支出调查（HIES）的二手数据。HIES 的食物成本数据包括家庭食物篮中上个月所有食物的数量。然后，将其分为六类食物组，以评估其能量摄入。分析了食物消费的结果，作为社会经济地位（SES）变量和 COVID-19 大流行前后居住地点的函数。
共有 75885 户家庭（83.5%为男性）纳入研究。在城市和农村地区以及不同 SES 类别中，人们倾向于增加肉类（P<0.05）和新鲜食品的消费，尤其是蔬菜组（P<0.001），减少水果（P<0.001）、脂肪和甜食组（P<0.05）的消费，以及能量摄入（P<0.05）。SES、城市和农村地区的宏观营养素变化不同。
我们的研究表明，COVID-19 大流行对食物组、能量和宏量营养素的消费产生了不同的影响，这可能是由于大流行导致食物模式发生了变化。
