Rocha-e-Silva M, Negraes G A, Soares A M, Pontieri V, Loppnow L
Circ Shock. 1986;19(2):165-75.
Severe blood loss can be reverted to normal circulatory function and indefinite survival by a small volume of 2,400 mOsm/liter NaCl (7.5%). This response requires functioning cervical vagal trunks at the time of hypertonic injection. Other equally hypertonic solutes (glucose, mannitol) are ineffective. This paper examines the effects of hypertonic (2,400 mOsm/liter) NaCl (7.5%) and glucose (50%) on femoral, mesenteric, splanchnic, renal, and coronary circulations. Hypertonic NaCl was given to dogs with intact or blocked vagi. Femoral flow was measured in innervated or denervated hindlimbs. Hemorrhage severely restricted both innervated and denervated femoral flows. Hypertonic glucose and NaCl, vagi blocked, redilated both femoral territories. Hypertonic NaCl, intact vagi, redilated denervated femoral vasculature but severely restricted innervated flow. Renal, mesenteric, total splanchnic, and coronary flows were restricted by hemorrhage and undistinguishable redilated by glucose or NaCl, blocked or intact vagi. It appears therefore that hypertonic NaCl induces permanent survival, partly because of its ability to elicit a pulmonary reflex, which induces muscular/cutaneous precapillary constriction. This shunts essentially required flow into the viscera, which are unspecifically vasodilated by hypertonicity.
通过少量2400毫渗摩尔/升的氯化钠（7.5%），严重失血可恢复至正常循环功能并实现无限期存活。这种反应需要在注射高渗溶液时颈迷走神经干功能正常。其他同样高渗的溶质（葡萄糖、甘露醇）则无效。本文研究了高渗（2400毫渗摩尔/升）氯化钠（7.5%）和葡萄糖（50%）对股动脉、肠系膜、内脏、肾和冠状动脉循环的影响。给迷走神经完整或阻断的狗注射高渗氯化钠。在有神经支配或去神经支配的后肢测量股动脉血流量。出血严重限制了有神经支配和去神经支配的股动脉血流量。高渗葡萄糖和迷走神经阻断时的高渗氯化钠使两个股动脉区域重新扩张。迷走神经完整时，高渗氯化钠使去神经支配的股动脉血管重新扩张，但严重限制了有神经支配的血流量。出血会限制肾、肠系膜、总内脏和冠状动脉血流量，葡萄糖或氯化钠（迷走神经阻断或完整）使其重新扩张时则无明显差异。因此，高渗氯化钠能诱导永久性存活，部分原因是其引发肺反射的能力，该反射会诱导肌肉/皮肤毛细血管前收缩。这会将基本所需的血流分流至内脏，内脏会因高渗性而出现非特异性血管舒张。
