Ridder Hanne Mette, Krøier Julie Kolbe, Anderson-Ingstrup Jens, McDermott Orii
Centre for Documentation and Research in Music Therapy, Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 May 2;10:1160588. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1160588. eCollection 2023.
Music is of vital importance for cognition, human care, and the formation of social communities throughout life. Dementia is a neurocognitive disorder that affects cognitive domains, and in late-stage dementia, care is needed in all aspects of daily living. Within residential care home contexts, carers play a significant role for the "caring culture" but often lack professional training in verbal and non-verbal communication skills. Thus, there is a need for training carers to respond to the multidimensional needs of persons with dementia. Music therapists use musical interactions but are not trained to train carers. Therefore, our aim was to explore person-attuned musical interactions (PAMI), and additionally, to develop and evaluate a training manual to be used by music therapists when supporting and training carers in non-verbal communication with persons with late-stage dementia in residential care home contexts.
With a realist perspective and systems thinking and within the framework for complex intervention research, the research group integrated several overlapping subprojects by applying a non-linear and iterative research process. Core elements related to person-centered dementia care as well as learning objectives were considered through the following four phases; Developing, Feasibility, Evaluation, and Implementation.
The result was a training manual for qualified music therapists to use when teaching and collaborating with carers about how to implement PAMI in dementia care. The manual included comprehensive resources, a clear structure for training, defined learning objectives, and integration of theory.
With increased knowledge about caring values and non-verbal communication, residential care home cultures may develop carer competencies and provide professional attuned care for persons with dementia. Further piloting and testing to examine the general effect on caring cultures is needed.
音乐对于认知、人文关怀以及人一生社会群体的形成至关重要。痴呆症是一种影响认知领域的神经认知障碍，在晚期痴呆症中，日常生活的各个方面都需要照料。在养老院环境中，护理人员对“关怀文化”起着重要作用，但往往缺乏言语和非言语沟通技巧方面的专业培训。因此，需要对护理人员进行培训，以满足痴呆症患者的多维度需求。音乐治疗师运用音乐互动，但未接受过培训护理人员的训练。因此，我们的目标是探索因人而异的音乐互动（PAMI），此外，开发并评估一本培训手册，供音乐治疗师在养老院环境中支持和培训护理人员与晚期痴呆症患者进行非言语沟通时使用。
研究小组以现实主义视角和系统思维为基础，在复杂干预研究框架内，通过应用非线性和迭代研究过程，整合了几个重叠的子项目。通过以下四个阶段考虑了与以患者为中心的痴呆症护理相关的核心要素以及学习目标：开发、可行性、评估和实施。
结果是为合格的音乐治疗师编写的一本培训手册，用于在教导护理人员并与他们合作如何在痴呆症护理中实施因人而异的音乐互动时使用。该手册包含全面的资源、清晰的培训结构、明确的学习目标以及理论整合。
随着对关怀价值观和非言语沟通的了解增加，养老院文化可能会培养护理人员的能力，并为痴呆症患者提供专业的贴心护理。需要进一步进行试点和测试，以检验对关怀文化的总体影响。
