Tani Yukako, Matsuyama Yusuke, Yamaoka Yui, Matsukura Hanayo, Kawahara Tomoki, Fujiwara Takeo
Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
SSM Popul Health. 2023 Sep;23:101430. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101430. Epub 2023 May 12.
Longitudinal change in flourishing during the pandemic of COVID-19 would provide new insight to reveal determinants of well-being. We aimed to describe changes in flourishing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and to examine the association of sex, age, education, and income with changes in flourishing. Utsunomiya COVID-19 seROprevalence Neighborhood Association (U-CORONA) study conducted in October 2020 and November 2021 was used (n = 419 in 2020 and n = 478 in 2021, and n = 327 for both waves). Flourishing was assessed using a 12-item multidimensional flourishing scale including six domains. Change of flourishing was categorized into decreased, unchanged, and increased. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to longitudinal data to estimate the relative risk ratio of increase and decrease in flourishing scores. Cross-sectional analysis showed that the mean score of flourishing was approximately seven in both waves, with no sex differences, but older adults had higher scores than young-aged adults. We found that men were twice as likely to lose their flourishing scores as women and lower levels of education were associated with 2-3 times declining flourishing scores than higher levels of education. Age and income were not significantly associated with the change of flourishing. During the COVID-19 pandemic, flourishing declined, and men and lower-educated people were more vulnerable. In prolonged difficult situations, support for men and less educated people may contribute to the prevention of declining well-being in Japan.
2019冠状病毒病大流行期间幸福感的纵向变化将为揭示幸福的决定因素提供新的见解。我们旨在描述日本2019冠状病毒病大流行期间幸福感的变化，并研究性别、年龄、教育程度和收入与幸福感变化之间的关联。使用了2020年10月和2021年11月进行的宇都宫2019冠状病毒病血清流行率社区协会（U-CORONA）研究（2020年n = 419，2021年n = 478，两波调查共有n = 327）。使用包括六个领域的12项多维幸福感量表评估幸福感。幸福感的变化分为下降、不变和上升。对纵向数据应用多项逻辑回归来估计幸福感得分上升和下降的相对风险比。横断面分析表明，两波调查中幸福感的平均得分均约为7分，无性别差异，但老年人的得分高于年轻人。我们发现，男性失去幸福感得分的可能性是女性的两倍，与较高教育水平相比，较低教育水平与幸福感得分下降2至3倍相关。年龄和收入与幸福感的变化无显著关联。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，幸福感下降，男性和受教育程度较低的人更易受到影响。在长期困难的情况下，对男性和受教育程度较低的人的支持可能有助于预防日本幸福感的下降。
