Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Felizardo, n° 750 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
BMC Public Health. 2023 May 19;23(1):919. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15579-x.
Considering the evident risk in the literature between the use of screen devices and sleep, there are still few studies on the relationship between each electronic screen device, media programs and sleep duration and sleep-related problems among adolescents and which variables interfere in these relationships. Therefore, this study has the following objectives: (1) to determine which are the most common electronic display devices related to sleep time and outcomes and (2) to determine which are the most common social network applications, such as Instagram and WhatsApp, associated with sleep outcomes.
This was a cross-sectional study with 1101 Spanish adolescents between 12 and 17 years old. Age, sex, sleep, psychosocial health, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), sport practice, and time spent on screen devices were assessed by an ad hoc questionnaire. Linear regression analyses were applied, adjusting for several covariables. Poisson regression was applied between the sexes. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Cell phone use was more associated with sleep time (13%). In boys, time spent on cell phones (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.09; p < 0.001) and videogames (PR = 1.08; p = 0.005) had a higher prevalence ratio. When psychosocial health was included in the models, we found the greatest association (Model 2: PR = 1.15; p = 0.007). For girls, time spent on the cell phone was significantly associated with sleep-related problems (PR = 1.12; p < 0.001), and adherence to the MD became the second most important in the model (PR = 1.35; p < 0.001), followed by psychosocial health and cell phone use (PR = 1.24; p = 0.007). Time spent on WhatsApp was associated with sleep-related problems only among girls (PR = 1.31; p = 0.001) and was the most important variable in the model along with MD (PR = 1.26; p = 0.005) and psychosocial health (PR = 1.41; p < 0.001).
Our results suggest a relationship between cell phones, video games, and social networks with sleep-related problems and time.
考虑到文献中电子设备使用与睡眠之间明显存在风险，但关于青少年使用各类电子屏幕设备、媒体程序与睡眠时间和睡眠相关问题之间的关系，以及哪些变量会干扰这些关系的研究仍然较少。因此，本研究有以下目的：（1）确定与睡眠时间和结果最相关的常见电子显示设备；（2）确定与睡眠结果最相关的常见社交网络应用程序，如 Instagram 和 WhatsApp。
这是一项横断面研究，共纳入 1101 名 12 至 17 岁的西班牙青少年。通过专门的问卷评估年龄、性别、睡眠、心理社会健康、对地中海饮食（MD）的依从性、运动实践以及花在电子屏幕设备上的时间。应用线性回归分析，调整了多个协变量。对性别进行泊松回归。p 值<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
手机使用与睡眠时间相关性更高（13%）。在男孩中，手机（比值比 [PR] = 1.09；p<0.001）和电子游戏（PR = 1.08；p = 0.005）的使用时间与更高的患病率比相关。当将心理社会健康纳入模型时，我们发现相关性最大（模型 2：PR = 1.15；p = 0.007）。对于女孩，手机使用时间与睡眠相关问题显著相关（PR = 1.12；p<0.001），MD 的依从性是模型中第二重要的因素（PR = 1.35；p<0.001），其次是心理社会健康和手机使用（PR = 1.24；p = 0.007）。女孩中，使用 WhatsApp 与睡眠相关问题相关（PR = 1.31；p = 0.001），且与 MD（PR = 1.26；p = 0.005）和心理社会健康（PR = 1.41；p<0.001）一起成为模型中最重要的变量。
我们的结果表明，手机、电子游戏和社交网络与睡眠相关问题和时间之间存在关系。
