Department of Research & Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
Environ Res. 2023 Aug 15;231(Pt 2):116150. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116150. Epub 2023 May 18.
The present study evaluates the biocompatibility of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles with various effective microorganisms (EM), like beneficial microbial formulations. The respective nanoparticle was synthesised by chemical reduction of metal precursor with reducer via simple route green technology principles. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by UV visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, revealing highly stable, nanoscale particles with marked crystallinity. EM-like beneficial cultures composed of viable cells of Lactobacillus lactis, Streptomyces sp, Candida lipolytica, and Aspergillus oryzae were formulated with rice bran, sugarcane syrup, and groundnut cake. The respective formulation was inoculated into the nanoparticles amalgamated pots raised with green gram seedlings. Biocompatibility was determined by measuring plant growth parameters of a green gram at pre-determined periods associated with enzymatic antioxidants like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S transferase (GST) levels. Most significantly, the expression level of these enzymatic antioxidants level was also investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The impact of the soil conditioning effect on soil nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, organic carbon, soil enzymes glucosidases, and β-xylosidases activity was also studied. Among the formulation, rice bran-groundnut cake-sugar syrup formulation recorded the best biocompatibility. This formulation showed high growth promotion, soil conditioning effect and no impact on the oxidative stress enzymes genes that revealed the best compatibility of nanoparticles. This study concluded that biocompatible, eco-friendly formulations of microbial inoculants could be used for the desirable agro active properties that show extreme tolerance or biocompatibility to the nanoparticles. This present study also suggests the utilisation of the above said beneficial microbial formulation and metal-based nanoparticles with desirable agro active properties in a synergistic manner due to their high tolerance or compatibility towards the metal or metal oxide nanoparticles.
本研究评估了银和氧化锌纳米粒子与各种有效微生物（EM）的生物相容性，如有益微生物制剂。分别通过还原剂的化学还原法通过简单的绿色技术原则合成纳米粒子。合成的纳米粒子通过紫外可见光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）研究进行了表征，结果表明它们具有高度稳定的纳米级颗粒和明显的结晶度。由乳杆菌、链霉菌、解脂假丝酵母和米曲霉等活细胞组成的 EM 样有益培养物与米糠、甘蔗糖浆和花生饼一起配制。将各自的配方接种到用绿豆幼苗种植的纳米粒子合金罐中。通过测量绿豆在与过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶 (GST) 等酶抗氧化剂相关的预定时间的植物生长参数来确定生物相容性。最重要的是，还通过定量实时聚合酶链反应 (qRT-PCR) 研究了这些酶抗氧化剂水平的表达水平。还研究了土壤调理剂对土壤养分（如氮、磷、钾、有机碳、土壤酶葡萄糖苷酶和β-木糖苷酶活性）的影响。在配方中，米糠-花生饼-甘蔗糖浆配方表现出最佳的生物相容性。该配方表现出高生长促进、土壤调理效果，对氧化应激酶基因没有影响，这表明纳米粒子具有最佳的相容性。本研究得出结论，生物相容性、环保型微生物接种剂配方可用于具有理想农业活性特性的应用，这些特性对纳米粒子表现出极强的耐受性或生物相容性。本研究还建议由于其对金属或金属氧化物纳米粒子的高耐受性或相容性，以协同方式利用上述有益微生物制剂和具有理想农业活性特性的基于金属的纳米粒子。
