Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7024, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
Animal. 2023 Jul;17 Suppl 3:100832. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100832. Epub 2023 Apr 28.
With more efficient utilisation of dietary nutrients and energy, diversified production systems, modifications of diet composition with respect to feedstuffs included and the use of free amino acids, the negative impact of animal food production on the environment and climate can be reduced. Accurate requirements for nutrients and energy for animals with differing physiological needs, and the use of robust and accurate feed evaluation systems are key for more efficient feed utilisation. Data on CP and amino acid requirements in pigs and poultry indicate that it should be possible to implement indispensable amino acid-balanced diets with low- or reduced-protein content without any reduction in animal performance. Potential feed resources, not competing with human food security, can be derived from the traditional food- and agroindustry, such as various waste streams and co-products of different origins. In addition, novel feedstuffs emerging from aquaculture, biotechnology and innovative new technologies may have potential to provide the lack of indispensable amino acids in organic animal food production. High fibre content is a nutritional limitation of using waste streams and co-products as feed for monogastric animals as it is associated with decreased nutrient digestibility and reduced dietary energy values. However, minimum levels of dietary fibre are needed to maintain the normal physiological function of the gastro-intestinal tract. Moreover, there may be positive effects of fibre in the diet such as improved gut health, increased satiety, and an overall improvement of behaviour and well-being.
通过更有效地利用膳食营养和能量、多样化的生产系统、对包含饲料在内的饲料成分进行饮食组成的调整以及使用游离氨基酸，可以减少动物食品生产对环境和气候的负面影响。对于具有不同生理需求的动物，准确的营养和能量需求以及使用稳健和准确的饲料评估系统是提高饲料利用率的关键。猪和家禽的 CP 和氨基酸需求数据表明，有可能在不降低动物生产性能的情况下，用低蛋白或低蛋白含量的必需氨基酸平衡日粮来实现。不会与人的食品安全相竞争的潜在饲料资源可以来源于传统食品和农业产业，如各种废物流和不同来源的副产物。此外，新兴的水产养殖、生物技术和创新技术的新型饲料可能有潜力为有机动物食品生产提供必需氨基酸的缺乏。高纤维含量是将废物流和副产物用作单胃动物饲料的营养限制，因为它与降低养分消化率和降低饲料能量值有关。然而，为了维持胃肠道的正常生理功能，饮食中需要最低限度的膳食纤维。此外，膳食纤维在饮食中可能具有积极作用，例如改善肠道健康、增加饱腹感，以及整体改善行为和幸福感。
